T-R 


S 

J  47 
4  54 


(MISC.  P.UB$4 


State  Housing  Manual 


CONTAINING  THE 


oBi      State  Tenement  House  Act 
■ptate  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act 
State  Dwelling  House  Act 


ANNOTATED.. 

LIBRARY  ^^fft,H 


Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing 
of  California  , 


f  raliforHiS'  Underwood  Building,  525  Market  Street 

,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Regionsii 
Facility 


State  Housing  Manual 


CONTAINING  THE 


State  Tenement  House  Act 

State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act 

State  Dwelline  House  Act 


ANNOTATED 
BUREAU  OF  GOVERNMENTAL  RESEARCH 
LIBRARY 
44  LIBRARYByiLOING 


Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing 
of  California 

Underwood  Building,  525  Market  Street 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

BRANCH  OFFICES: 

226  Union  League  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
lOlOX  Second  Street,  Sacramento,  Cal. 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  PRINTING   OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

19  19 

46714 


State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing 
of  California 

UNDERWOOD  BUILDING 
r,2r)  MARKET  STREET,   SAN  FRANCISCO 


COMMISSIONERS  : 
SIMON  J.  LUBIN,  President,  Sacramento 

MOST  REV.  EDWARD  J.  HANNA,  D.D.,   Vice  President,   San  Francisco 
MRS.   FRANK  A.   GIBSON,   Los  Angeles 
J.  H.  McBRIDE,  M.D.,  Pasadena 

PAUL  SCIIARRENBERG,  Secretary,  San  Francisco. 


GEORGE  L.  BELL 

Attorney  and  Executive  Officer 


Please  address  all  communications,  inquiries  and  other  matters  pertaining  to 
ho-using  or  to  the  contents  of  tlm  manual,  to  the  Director  of  Housing  Bureau, 
State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing,  525  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 
California. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


San  Francisco,  California,  October  15,  1917. 
To  His  Excellency,  William  D.  Stephens, 
Governor  of  California. 
Sir:  We  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  an  edition  of  the  new 
state  housing  acts.     It  is  the  hope  of  the  commission  that  this  annotated 
and  indexed  edition  will  serve  as  a  working  manual  and  that  it  will  also 
make  for  a  careful  and  uniform  observance  of  the  acts  throughout  the 
state. 

This  manual  has  been  compiled  b}^  the  director  of  the  commission's 
housing  bureau,  Mr.  Mark  C.  Cohn,  who  also  acted  as  executive 
secretary  of  the  ' '  Housing  Institute ' '  which  drafted  this  legislation. 

Respectfully  yours, 
Commission  op  Immigration  and  Housing 
OF  California. 


CONTENTS. 


Page 
LETTER    OF    TRANSMITTAL 3 

INTRODUCTORY    FOREWORD 5 

APPLICATION    OF    MUNICIPAL    ORDINANCES 7 

LIBERAL  CONSTRUCTION  OF  LAWS  RECOMMENDED 7 

EXPLANATORY     REMARKS 8 

STATE    HOUSING    LAWS     (ANNOTATED) : 8-65 

ILLUSTRATIONS   68-80 

SUGGESTED  FORMS  FOR  APPLICATIONS  AND  PERMITS 81-85 

HANDY  TABLES 86-88 

INDEX  TO  STATE  LAWS 89-118 

CONSTRUCTIVE  CRITICISM  INVITED Inside  back  cover 

CORRESPONDENCE  FROM  OFFICIALS  INVITED Inside  back  cover 

CORRESPONDENCE  FROM  ARCHITECTS  AND   BUILDERS  INVITED 

Inside  back  cover 


INTRODUCTORY  FOREWORD. 

The  State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing  in  issuing  this 
Manual  has  many  objects  in  view.  Two  of  the  most  important  are, 
first :  to  focus  attention  on  the  state  housing  laws ;  second :  to  encourage 
and  facilitate  the  uniform  enforcement  and  interpretation  of  the  laws 
throughout  the  state  of  California. 

The  drafting  of  these  laws  entailed  a  great  amount  of  hard  work  and 
expense. 

Enforcement. 

Therefore,  in  order  to  achieve  the  results  so  much  desired,  and  to 
justify  the  expenditure  of  effort  and  money,  these  laws  must  be  con- 
sistently and  effectively  enforced  throughout  the  state. 

The  local  officials  of  the  various  counties,  cities,  and  towns  of  the 
state  are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  laws.  The  commission 
recommends  to  these  officials  that  a  uniform,  definite  and  constructive 
program  be  adopted  at  once  so  that  all  tenement  houses,  hotels  and 
dwellings  hereafter  erected  be  designed  and  constructed  with  proper 
regard  for  the  law  and  the  welfare  and  safety  of  the  occupants.  It 
also  recommends  that  all  such  existing  buildings  be  made  to  conform 
to  those  provisions  of  the  state  housing  laws  which  are  applicable  to 
them. 

Supplementary  Ordinances. 

In  this  connection,  the  commission  feels  that  while  California  may 
well  be  proud  of  her  state  housing  laws, — which  are  second  to  none  in 
the  United  States — the  magnitude  and  complexity  of  the  problem  per- 
mits of  further  improvements  in  the  way  of  housing  regulations.  The 
commission  does  not  regard  the  laws  as  ideal,  though  they  do  contain 
all  that  was  possible  to  have  enacted  at  the  time,  and  all  that  the  cities 
and  towns  of  the  state  collectively  desired.  At  least  the  laws  establish 
a  sound,  practical  foundation  upon  which  to  base  improvements. 
Therefore,  it  is  urged  that  the  cities  and  towns  enact  supplementary 
building,  housing,  city  planning,  and  zoning  ordinances  amplifying 
the  state  laws.  It  is  also  recommended  that  they  revise  such  ordinances 
as  they  now  have  so  as  to  include  all  the  requirements  contained  in  the 
state  laws. 

Minimum  of  Requirements. 

The  state  housing  laws  fix  the  minimum  of  requirements  for  ventila- 
tion, sanitation,  privacy  and  safety,  but  do  not  include  all  features  of 
construction  which  are  ordinarily  covered  by  a  building  code.  These 
features  were  omitted  in  order  to  enable  the  various  counties,  cities  and 
towns  throughout  the  state  to  fix  such  requirements  as  would  be  applic- 
able to  their  local  conditions. 


b  STATE   HOUSING    MANUAL. 

State  Housing  Bureau. 

The  commission  created  on  July  1,  1917,  a  department  known  as  the 
"Housing  Bureau."  This  bureau  will  be  pleased  to  assist  the  counties, 
cities  and  towns  in  obtaining  the  uniform  interpretation  and  enforce- 
ment of  the  state  housing  laws.  On  request,  it  will  also  render  such 
assistance  as  possible  in  drafting  new  and  revised  building,  housing, 
city  planning  and  zoning  codes,  supplementing  and  amplifying  the 
state  laws.  Furthermore,  it  will  help  in  organizing  or  reorganizing 
municipal  departments  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  these  laws  so 
that  they  may  perform  their  work  effectively. 

State  Housing  Institute. 

In  order  that  the  public  may  have  confidence  in  these  laws  and  know 
that  important  technical  subjects  have  not  been  hastily  considered  and 
legislated  upon,  an  outline  history  of  the  preparation  of  these  laws  is 
herewith  given. 

The  commission,  during  the  past  three  years,  had  made  a  very  careful 
investigation  of  housing  conditions  in  the  state.  This  investigation 
proved  the  need  of  amendments  to  the  existing  state  laws  on  the  subject 
and  the  enactment  of  additional  practicable  and  enforceable  laws  upon 
the  general  subject  of  housing.  It  therefore,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Governor,  invited  the  fourteen  largest  cities  of  the  state  to  partici- 
pate in  a  series  of  conferences  for  the  purpose  of  studying  and  discuss- 
ing all  phases  of  the  housing  problem,  and  to  draft  such  legislation  as 
was  deemed  necessary  to  solve  the  problem. 

Twelve  of  the  cities  responded  by  naming  official  delegates — some 
thirty  in  number — including  supervisors,  councilmen,  city  attorneys, 
health,  housing,  building  and  fire  commissioners  and  inspectors,  and 
other  officials  of  similar  ranks. 

These  official  delegates,  together  with  a  large  number  of  semiofficial 
delegates  representing  various  organizations,  such  as  architectural  and 
engineering  societies,  city  planning  and  housing  associations,  public 
welfare  and  civic  clubs,  realty  boards  and  chambers  of  commerce, 
apartment  house  and  hotel  owners'  associations,  labor  and  medical 
organizations,  communal  and  social  workers^  and  similar  bodies  joined 
with  the  commission  in  a  State  Housing  Institute.  The  institute, 
within  the  eight  months  preceding  the  convening  of  the  1917  legisla- 
ture, held  four  meetings  in  different  parts  of  the  state.  At  the  same 
time,  an  educational  program  was  carried  on  through  public  addresses 
and  press  notices.  At  the  institute  meetings,  the  subject  of  housing 
was  thoroughly  covered.  A  trained  and  experienced  man  drew  up 
tentative  drafts  of  the  laws.  They  were  printed  in  convenient  pamphlet 
form  and  distributed  to  all  the  official  and  semiofficial  delegates;  also 
to  a  large  number  of  people  who  were  interested  in  the  work.     At  the 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  7 

second  and  all  subsequent  meetings,  the  tentative  and  revised  tentative 
drafts  of  the  laws  were  discussed,  clause  by  clause,  revised  and  finally 
approved. 

As  a  result  of  this  work  of  the  State  Housing  Institute,  three  laws 
were  evolved;  covering  tenement  houses,  hotels  and  dwellings,  respec- 
tively. These  laws  were  introduced  in  the  legislature,  for  the  commis- 
sion and  the  institute,  by  Senators  Benson  and  Burnett. 

The  laws  were  duly  enacted,  and  became  effective  September  1,  1917. 

Appreciation. 

The  commission  feels  very  grateful  for  the  assistance  rendered  by  the 
many  persons  and  organizations  who  participated,  without  compensa- 
tion, in  this  very  important  work,  and  it  also  appreciates  the  interest 
and  cooperation  of  His  Excellency,  the  Governor,  and  the  members 
of  the  California  legislature  who  made  possible  the  enactment  of  these 
laws. 


NOTE. 

Application  of  Municipal  Ordinances. 

The  many  inquiries  made  of  the  commission  make  it  necessary  to  emphasize  the 
fact  that  in  each  municipality  the  ordinances  which  supplement  and  amplify  or 
contain  more  stringent  regulations  than  those  in  the  state  housing  laws,  must  be 
conformed  to.  However,  no  ordinance,  regulation  or  ruling  of  any  municipality,  or 
of  any  municipal  department,  official  or  officials,  can  in  any  manner  repeal,  amend, 
or  dispense  with  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  state  housing  laws. 


NOTE. 

Liberal  Construction  of  Laws  Recommended. 
It  is  recommended  that  the  most  liberal  construction  and  interpretation  be  given 
to  the  state  housing  laws.  In  this  manner  their  spirit  and  intent  may  be  carried 
out  to  a  logical  conclusion,  i.  e.,  for  the  welfare  of  the  occupants  to  be  housed  in  the 
buildings.  Particularly  in  the  case  of  a  building  designed  for  "mixed  occupancies" 
(such  as  a  tenement  house  and  a  hotel  combined)  should  the  greater  or  more 
stringent  general  requirements  of  the  laws  be  demanded. 


8  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 

STATE  HOUSING  MANUAL. 

CONTAINING  THIi 

CALIFORNIA  STATE  HOUSING  LAWS 

State  Tenement  House  Act, 

State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act, 

Slate  Dwelling  House  Act. 

Recompiled  and  annotated  so  as  to  sinnplify  their  use. 

Explanatory  Remarks. 

In  this  Manual  the  three  state  housing  laws  have  been  incorporated 
into  one.  The  State  Tenement  House  Act  in  full  was  used  as  the  basis 
of  this  compilation.  The  wording  which  appears  in  italics  between 
brackets,  thus  [  ]  has  been  inserted  or  added  to  the  State  Tenement 
House  Act ;  also  excerpts  from  the  State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act, 
and  the  State  Dwelling  House  Act  have  been  added,  where  they  differed 
from  the  Tenement  House  Act.  In  this  manner,  all  of  the  subject 
matter  contained  in  the  three  law^s  has  been  included  in  the  Manual. 
The  reader  may  disregard  the  wording  in  italics,  between  brackets, 
when  applying  the  law  to  a  tenement  house.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
wording  in  italics  indicates  clearly  the  provisions  of  the  laws  which 
apply  to  hotels  or  dwellings.  The  letters  T.  H.  D.,  which  appear  in  the 
left-hand  margin,  also  indicate  readily  the  different  classes  of  buildings 
to  which  each  paragraph  applies.  The  reader  should  note  carefully 
those  specific  provisions  which  apply  to  one  or  another  of  the  classes 
of  buildings  only. 

The  annotations  which  appear  in  small  type  following  some  of  the 
various  paragraphs  or  sections,  and  the  illustrations  and  handy  tables, 
included  in  this  Manual,  are  merely  suggestive  and  explanatory  of  the 
subject  matter  of  the  laws. 

Cases  may  arise  involving  a  legal  phase  or  matter,  and  will  need  to 
be  adjudicated  upon  their  individual  merits.  In  every  such  case,  it 
will  be  advisable  to  refer  to  the  separate  copies  of  the  laws  in  the  Cali- 
fornia Statutes  of  1917,  chapter  Nos.  738,  State  Tenement  House  Act ; 
736,  State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act;  737,  State  Dwelling  House 
Act. 

The  following  conventional  symbols  have  been  used: 
T.  H.  D.,  which  appears  in  the  left-hand  margins,  indicates  the  para- 
graphs which  apply  to  T.=tenement  houses;  H.=hotels  and  lodg- 
ing houses;  and  D.=dwellings. 
*Excerpt  from  State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act. 
**Excerpt  from  State  Dwelling  House  Act. 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  9 

Paragraph 
number. 

Section  1.     Title:  This  act  shall  be  known  as  the     state 

1  tenement  house  act"    ["state  hotel  and  lodging  house  act," 
T.-H.-D.  "state  dwelling  house  act"]  and  its  provisions  shall  apply  to 

all  parts  of  the  State  of  California,  including  incorporated 
towns,  incorporated  cities,  and  incorporated  cities  and 
counties. 

Note:  The  provisions  of  the  State  Dwelling  House  Act  apply  to  In- 
corporated cities,  incorporated  cities  and  counties,  and  incorporated 
towns  only. 

Sec.  2.     Enforcement:  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  "building 

2  department"  of  every  incorporated  town,   incorporated  city, 
T.-H.-D.  and  incorporated  city  and  county,  to  enforce  all  the  provisions 

of  this  act  pertaining  to  the  erection,  construction,  recon- 
struction, moving,  conversion,  alteration  and  arrangement  of 
tenement  houses  [hotels  and  dwellings]  and  to  issue  the  cer- 
tificate of  "final  completion"  hereinafter  provided. 

Note:  A  certificate  of  completion  is  not  required  for  dwellings. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  "housing  department"  or  if 

3  there  is  no  housing  department  the  health  department  of  every 
T.-H.-D.  incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,   and  incorporated  city 

and  county  to  enforce  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  pertaining 
to  the  maintenance,  sanitation,  ventilation,  use  and  occupancy 
of  tenement  houses  [hotels  and  dwellings]  after  said  tenement 
houses  [hotels  or  dicellings]  have  been  erected,  constructed,  or 
altered,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  the  certificate  of  "final  com- 
pletion" has  been  issued  by  the  building  department,  and  to 
issue  the  "permit  of  occupancy"  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Note:    A    permit    of    occupancy    is    not    required    for    dwellings. 

In  the  event  that  there  is  no  building  department  or  no 

4  liousing  department  or  health  department  in  an  incorporated 
T.-H.-D.  town,  incorporated  city  or  incorporated  city  and  county,   it 

sliall  be  the  dut.y  of  the  officer  or  officers  who  are  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  ordinances  and  laws  regulating  the  erection, 
construction  or  alteration  of  buildings,  or  the  maintenance, 
sanitation,  ventilation  or  occupancy  of  buildings,  or  of  the 
police,  fire  or  health  regulations  in  said  incorporated  town, 
incorporated  city  or  incorporated  city  and  county  to  enforce 
all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

In  every  county  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  officer  or  officers 

5  who  are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  ordinances  or  laws 
T.-H.  regulating  the  erection,  construction  or  alteration  of  build- 
ings, or  of  the  maintenance,  sanitation,  occupancy  and  ventila- 
tion of  buildings,  or  of  the  police,  fire  or  health  regulations 
in  said  county,  to  enforce  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
[pertaining  to  tenement  houses  and  hotels]  outside  of  the 
limits  of  any  incorporated  town  or  incorporated  city. 


10  STATE   JJOUSING    MANUAL, 


Every    iucorporated   town,    incorporated    city,    or    incorpo- 

6  rated  city  and  county  in  the  State  of  California  shall  have, 
T.-H.-D.  and  it  is  hereb}'  empowered  and  given  authority  to  designate 

and  charge  by  ordinance  any  other  department  or  officer  than 
the  department  or  officers  mentioned  herein,  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act,  or  any  portion  thereof. 

The  commission  of  immigration  and  housing  of  California 

7  shall  have,  and  it  is  hereby  empowered  and  given  authority 
T.-H.-D.  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  act,  which  do  not  pertain  to 

the  actual  erection,  construction,  reconstruction,  moving,  alter- 
ation or  arrangement  of  tenement  houses  [hotels  and  diuell- 
ings]  in  all  incorporated  towns,  incorporated  cities  and  in- 
corporated cities  and  counties,  and  counties  in  the  State  of 
California,  whenever  said  commission  finds  or  discovers  a 
violation  or  violations  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  notifies 
the  local  department  or  officer,  or  departments  or  officers  who 
are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
in  writing,  of  such  violation  or  violations,  and  the  said  local 
department  or  officer,  or  departments  or  officers,  fail,  neglect 
or  refuse  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  the  said  act  within  thirty 
days  thereafter;  provided,  however,  that  the  said  commission 
of  immigration  and  housing  of  California  shall  enforce  the 
provisions  of  this  act  only  in  the  instances  specified  in  said 
written  notice. 

8  Sec.  3.  Unlawful  to  violate :  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
'T.-H.-D.  person,  firm  or  corporation,  whether  as  owner,  agent,  con- 
tractor, builder,  architect,  engineer,  superintendent,  foreman, 
plumber,  tenant,  lessee,  lessor,  occupant,  or  in  any  other 
capacity  whatsoever,  to  erect,  construct,  reconstruct,  alter, 
build  upon,  move,  convert,  use,  occupy  or  maintain,  or  to 
cause,  permit  or  sufiier  to  be  erected,  constructed,  reconstructed, 
altered,  built  upon,  moved,  converted,  used,  occupied  or  main- 
tained any  tenement  house  [hotel  or  divelling]  or  any  portion 
thereof  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  to  commit  or 
maintain  or  cause  or  permit  to  be  committed  or  maintained 
any  nuisance  in  or  upon  any  tenement  house  [hotel  or  dwell- 
ing] or  any  portion  thereof,  or  any  of  the  premises,  yards  or 
courts  which  are  a  part  thereof,  or  Avhicli  are  required  by  the 
provisions  of  this  act;  or  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done,  or  to  use 
or  cause  to  be  used,  any  privy,  sewer,  cesspool,  plumbing  or 
house  drainage  affecting  the  sanitary  condition  of  any  tenement 
house  [hotel  or  dicelling]  or  any  portion  thereof,  or  of  the 
premises  thereof,  contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  4.    Unlawful  to  alter  or  change  contrary  to  law:  It 

9  shall-  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  make  any  alterations  or 
T.-H.    changes,  or  reconstruction  work  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  to 

any  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act,  or  to  any  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel]  hereafter  erected, 
or  to  increase  the  height  or  the  percentage  of  the  lot  occupied, 
in  any  manner  which  would  be  inconsistent  with  any  of  the 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING. 


11 


Pariigraijli 
number. 


provisions  of  this  act,  or  in  violation  of  the  said  provisions  of 
this  act,  or  in  any  manner  to  diminish  the  size  of  the  yards, 
courts  or  shafts  or  the  size  of  windows  or  skylights,  or  to  remove 
any  stairway  or  fire  escape,  or  to  obstruct  the  egress  from  such 
building  or  from  the  hallways  or  stairways,  or  to  do  anything 
that  would  affect  the  ventilation  and  sanitation  of  the  building, 
contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

**Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  make  any 
alterations  or  changes  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  to  any  dwelling 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  or  to  any  dwelling 
hereafter  erected,  in  any  manner  which  would  be  inconsistent 
with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  in  violation  of  the 
said  provisions  of  this  act;  or  in  any  manner  to  diminish  the 
size  of  the  windows,  or  to  remove  any  window  or  windows 
from  the  rooms  contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Note:    Paragraph    10    applies   to    dwellings    only    and    refers    to    those 
provisions    applicable    to    dwellings. 

Sec.  5.    Buildings  converted,  moved,  or  altered :  A  build- 

11  ing  not  erected  for,  or  which  is  not  used  as  a  tenement  house 
T.-H.-D.  [hotel  or  dwelling]   at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if 

hereafter  converted  to  or  altered  for  such  use,  shall  thereupon 
become  subject  to  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting 
tenement  houses  [hotels  or  dwellings  as  the  case  may  he]  here- 
after erected. 

A  building  used  as  a  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  at  the  time 

12  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if  moved,  shall  be  made  to  conform 
T.-H.    to  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting  tenement  houses 

[or  hotels  as  the  case  may  he]  hereafter  erected,  in  so  far  as 
they  pertain  to  the  percentage  of  lot  occupied  and  the  size  of 
outer  courts,  inner  courts  bounded  by  a  lot  line,  and  yards. 
It  shall  be   unlawful   to   reconstruct   any  tenement   house 

13  [or  hotel]  which  is  hereafter  damaged  by  fire  or  the  elements 
T.-H.    to  an  extent  in  excess  of  fifty-one  (51)  per  cent  of  its  physical 

proportions,  unless  the  said  building  is  made  to  conform  to  all 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting  tenement  houses  [or 
hotels  as  the  case  may  he]  hereafter  erected. 

**A  building  used  as  a  dwelling  at  the  time  of  the  passage 

14  of  this  act,  if  moved,  shall  be  made  to  conform  to  all  of  the 
D.       provisions  of  this  act  affecting  dwellings  hereafter  erected,  in 

so  far  as  they  pertain  to  unoccupied  area. 
Sec.  6.     General  penalty:  Any  person,  firm  or  corporation 

15  violating  anj^  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  deemed 
T.-H.-D.  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be 

punishable  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by 
imprisonment  in  a  county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months,  or 
by  both  such  fine  and  iinprisonment,  and  in  addition  to  the 
penalty  therefor,  shall  be  liable  for  all  costs,  expense  and 
disbursements  paid  or  incurred  by  the  department,  by  any  of 
the  officers  thereof,  or  by  any  agent,  emplo^^ee  or  contractor 


12  STATE   TIOUSTNG    MANUAIj. 

rariiRraiih 
uumhor.  .  . 

of  same,  in  the  pruseciilion  of  such  violation.  J. he  costs, 
expense  and  disbur.-iements  by  this  section  provided  shall  be 
fixed  by  the  court  havinc:  jurisdiction  of  the  matter. 

Note:    That    portion    of    paragraph    15    providing    for    costs,    expense, 
etc.,  does  not  apply  to  dwellings. 

Except  as  herein  otherwise  specified,  the  procedure  for  the 

16  prevention  of  violations  of  this  act,  for  the  vacation  of  tene- 
T.-H.-D.  ment   houses    [hotels   or   divellings]    or   premises   unlawfully 

occupied,  or  for  the  abatement  of  a  nuisance  in  connection  with 
a  tenement  house  [hotel  or  divelling]  or  the  premises  thereof, 
shall  be  as  set  forth  in  the  charter  and  ordinances  of  the 
municipality  in  which  the  procedure  is  instituted. 
Sec.  7.    Permit  to  build,  alter  or  move  required :  In  every 

17  incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,   and  incorporated  city 
T.-H.    and  count}^,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  commence  or  to  proceed 

with  the  erection,  construction,  reconstruction,  conversion,  or 
alteration  of  a  tenement  house,  [or  hotel]  or  to  move  or  to 
build  upon  a  tenement  house,  [or  hotel]  or  to  convert  a  build- 
ing or  any  portion  thereof  into  use  as  a  tenement  house  [or 
hotel]  without  first  obtaining  a  permit  in  writing  so  to  do 
from  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act. 
Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  desiring  such  a  permit  shall 
file  an  application  therefor  with  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act.  Said  application  shall  give  a 
detailed  statement  in  writing,  verified  under  oath  by  the  person 
making  the  same,  of  the  erection,  construction,  reconstruction, 
moving,  conversion  or  alteration,  as  the  ease  may  be,  upon 
blanks  or  forms  to  be  furnished  by  the  said  department.  The 
said  application  must  be  accompanied  with  a  full,  true  and 
complete  set  of  the  plans  of  the  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or 
alteration,  or  work  proposed,  as  the  case  may  be,  together  with 
a  set  of  specifications  describing  the  materials  proposed  to  enter 
into  the  construction  of  the  proposed  work,  also  a  plan  of  the 
lot  on  which  such  building  is  proposed  to  be  erected,  con- 
structed, reconstructed,  converted,  altered,  or  moved,  as  the 
case  may  be.  Such  statement  shall  give  in  full  the  name  and 
address  by  street  and  number  of  the  owner  or  o^^mers,  also  the 
name  and  address  of  the  architect  and  of  the  contractor,  if 
there  be  such  an  architect  or  contractor;  also  shall  give  such 
other  data  and  information  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  is  deemed 
necessary. 

Note:    See   suggested   form    of   application    on    page   84. 

The  affidavit  to  said  application  shall  allege  that  the  plans 

18  and  specifications  are  true  and  contain  a  correct  description 
T.-H.    of  the  proposed  tenement  house,   [or  Jiotel]  lot  and  proposed 

work.  If  any  person  other  than  the  owmer  makes  such  affi- 
davit, such  person  shall  not  be  recognized  except  that  he  allege 
in  his  affidavit  that  he  is  authorized  and  empowered  by  the  said 
owner  to  act  for  him  and  to  sign  the  required  affidavit.    Said 


COMMISSION   OF  IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  13 

Paragraph 
number. 

department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall 
cause  all  such  plans,  specifications  and  statements  to  be  exam- 
ined, and  if  it  appears  that  they  conform  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  shall  then  issue  a  permit  to  the  person  submitting  the 
same.  Said  department  may,  from  time  to  time,  approve 
changes  in  any  plans,  specifications  or  statements  previously 
approved  by  it ;  provided,  that  all  changes  when  so  made  shall 
be  in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  this  act.  Said  depart- 
ment shall  have  the  power  to  revoke  or  cancel  any  permit  or 
approval  that  it  has  previously  issued  in  case  of  any  refusal, 
failure  or  neglect  of  the  person  to  whom  such  permit  or 
approval  has  been  issued  to  comply  with  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  or  in  case  any  false  statement  or  misrepresentation 
is  made  in  any  of  the  said  plans,  .specifications  or  statements 
submitted  or  filed  for  such  permit  or  approval.  The  erection, 
construction,  reconstruction,  moving,  alteration  or  conversion 
of  an}^  such  tenement  house,  [or  hotel]  as  the  case  may  be, 
shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  plans,  specifications  and 
statements  submitted  or  filed  and  for  which  the  permit  is 
i.s8ued. 

Note:    See   suggested   form    of   permit   on    page  83. 

A  true  cop3^  of  the  plans,  specifications  and  other  informa- 

19  tion  submitted  or  filed,  upon  which  a  permit  is  issued,  with 
T.-H.    the  approval  of  the  department  with  which  they  are  filed, 

stamped  or  written  thereon  shall  be  kept  upon  the  premises  of 
the  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel]  or  work  for  which  the  said  per- 
mit is  issued,  from  the  commencement  of  the  said  building  or 
work  to  the  final  completion  of  same,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
inspection  at  all  times  by  proper  authorities. 

The  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 

20  may,  at  its  discretion,  issue  a  permit  in  case  of  nominal  altera- 
T.-H.    tions  or  repairs,  when  application  is  made  therefor,  in  writing, 

by  the  owner  or  his  agent,  when  the  making  of  said  nominal 
alterations  and  repairs  do  not  affect  any  structural  feature 
or  the  sanitation  or  the  veutilation  of  the  tenement  house,  [or 
hotel]  without  requiring  the  filing  of  plans  or  specifications. 
The  is.suance  or  granting  of  a  permit  or  approval  by  the 

21  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  under 
T.-H.    the  authority  of  this  section  shall  not  be  deemed  or  construed 

to  be  a  permit  or  an  approval  of  the  violation  of  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Every  permit  or  approval  which  is  issued  by  the  department 

22  chargecl  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  but  unaer  which  no 
T.-H.    work  has  been  done  within  ninety  days  from  the  date  of 

issuance,  or  where  work  has  been  suspended  for  a  period 
of  ninety  days,  shall  expire  by  limitation  and  a  new  permit 
shall  be  obtained  before  tlie  work  may  be  done. 

Note:  Paragraphs  17  to  22 — Section  7,  and  paragraplis  23  to  29 — 
section  8,  do  not  apply  to  dwellings  except  wliere  required  by  municipal 
ordinance.  While  a  building  permit,  and  a  certificate  of  completion,  and 
a  permit  of  occupancy  may  not  be  deemed  as  essential  for  the  smaller 
class  of  buildings  it  is  obvious  that  better  results  will  obtain  if  permits 
and  certificates  are  required.  The  provisions  of  the  paragraphs  above 
enumerated  do  not  apply  to  buildings  situated  outside  of  Incorporated 
cities  or  towns. 


14  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


PiiraRraph 
number. 


Sec.  8.     Certificate  of  completion,  and  permit  of  occupancy 

23  required:    In    every   incorporated    town,    incorporated    city, 
T.-ii.    and   incorporated  city  and  county,   it   shall  be  unlawful  to 

occupy  or  to  permit  to  be  occupied,  any  tenement  house  [or 
Jiotel]  hereafter  erected,  constructed,  reconstructed,  altered, 
converted  or  moved,  as  the  case  may  be,  or  any  portion  thereof, 
for  human  habitation  until  the  issuance  of  a  "certificate  of 
final  completion"  and  a  "permit  of  occupancy"  by  the  depart- 
ment or  departments  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act. 
It  shall  also  be  unlawful  to  occupy  any  existing  tenement 

24  house  [or  Jwtel]  until  a  permit  of  occupancy  has  been  issued 
T.-iT.    by  the  department  designated  to  issue  such  permit. 

Every  permit  of  occupancy  shall  be  renewed  each  calendar 

25  year  by  the  department  designated  to  issue  the  said  permit; 
T.-H.    provided,    that    no    structural    alterations    or    changes    have 

occurred  since  the  issuance  of  the  certificate  of  final  comple- 
tion; and  provided,  that  all  other  provisions  of  this  act  have 
been  complied  wuth. 

Any  person  desiring  a  certificate  shall  file  a  notice  with  the 

26  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act.     Said 
T.-H.    department  shall  cause  an  inspection  to  be  made  of  the  said 

tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or  portion  thereof,  or  work  described 
in  the  said  notice,  within  ten  days  after  written  application 
therefor,  and  shall  issue  a  "certificate  of  final  completion"  if 
it  is  found  that  all  the  provisions  of  this  act,  regulating  the 
erection,  construction,  alteration  or  moving,  as  the  case  may  be, 
have  been  complied  with. 

The  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 

27  and  designated  to  issue  the  permit  of  occupancy  shall  issue  the 
T.-H.    said   "permit  of  occupancy"   upon   application,   in  writing, 

therefor  by  the  owner  or  his  agent,  and  upon  the  filing  by  the 
owner  or  his  agent  of  such  statements  or  records  required  by 
the  department,  after  the  "certificate  of  final  completion"  has 
been  issued;  provided,  that  no  violations  have  occurred  since 
the  issuance  of  the  certificate  of  final  completion,  or,  in  the 
case  of  a  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage 
of  this  act,  and  for  which  no  certificate  of  final  completion  has 
been  issued,  then  after  the  said  department  has  caused  an 
inspection  to  have  been  made  of  the  said  tenement  house  [or 
hotel]  and  has  found  that  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
applying  to  such  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel]  have  been  complied 
with. 

28  All  permits  and  certificates  shall  be  made  in  duplicate  and 
T.-H.    a  copy  shall  remain  on  file  in  the  department  issuing  them. 

Any  tenement  house   [or  hotel]   hereafter  erected,  altered, 

29  converted  or  moved,  which  is  occupied,  or  any  portion  thereof 
T.-H.    which  is  occupied  for  human  habitation,  prior  to  a  "certificate 

of  final  completion"  or  a  "permit  of  occupancy"  being  issued, 
shall  be  deemed  a  nuisance,  and  the  department  or  depart- 
ments charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  may  cause 
it  to  be  vacated  until  the  said  certificate  of  completion  and 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  15 

Paragraph 
number. 

permit  of  occupancy  have  beeu  obtained  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Note:  See  note  following  par-agraph  22;.  also  see  suggested  forms  of 
applications,   certificate,   and   permit  on    pages  81-82. 

Sec.  9.     Entry — inspection:    The    department    or    depart- 

30  ments  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  "act  in  any  incorpo- 
T.-H.-D.  rated  town,  incorporated  city,  incorporated  city  and  county,  or 

county,  and  the  authorized  officers,  agents  or  employees  of  such 
department  or  departments,  may,  whenever  necessary,  enter 
tenement  houses  [hotels  or  dwellmgs]  or  portions  thereof,  or 
the  premises  thereof,  within  the  corporate  limits  of  such  towns, 
cities,  cities  and  counties,  or  counties,  for  the  purpose  of 
inspecting  such  buildings,  in  order  to  secure  compliance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act  and  to  prevent  violations  thereof. 
The  members  of  the  commission  of  immigration  and  housing 

31  of   California  and  the  agents,   officers  or  employees   of  said 
T.-H.-D  commission  may,  whenever  necessaiy,  enter  tenement  houses 

[Jiotels  or  divelUngs]  or  portions  thereof,  or  the  premises 
thereof,  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  such  buildings  in  order 
to  secure  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  to 
prevent  violations  thereof. 

The  owner  or  his  authorized  agent  may,  whenever  necessary, 

32  enter  tenement  houses,  [Jiotels  or  dwellings]  or  portions  thereof, 
T.-H.-D.  or  the  premises  thereof,  owned  by  him,  to  carry  out  any  instruc- 
tions or  to  perform  any  work  required  to  be  done  by  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act. 

Note:  The  provisions  of  the  State  Dwelling  House  Act  apply  to 
incorporated  cities,  incorporated  cities  and  counties,  and  incorporated 
towns  only. 

**Provided,  however,  that  the  authority  to  enter  buildings, 

33  as  in  this  section  given  to  the  persons  hereinbefore  enum- 
D.       erated,  shall   not  be   construed   or   deemed   to   apply  to  the 

entering  of  any  such  [divelling]  building  between  the  hours  of 
six  o'clock  p.m.  of  any  day  and  six  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  succeed- 
ing day,  without  the  consent  of  the  owner  or  of  the  occupants  of 
such  buildings  [divelUvgs]  ;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  authority 
in  this  section  given  be  construed  as  permitting  any  of  the 
persons  hereinbefore  enumerated  to  enter  any  such  buildings 
[dtvellings]  in  the  absence  of  the  occupants  thereof  without  a 
proper  written  order,  duly  executed  by  a  competent  court 
authorized  to  issue  such  orders. 

Note:    Paragraph    33    applies    to    dwellings    only. 

Sec.  10.     Definitions:  For  the  purpose  of  this  act,  certain 

34  words  and  phrases  are  defined  as  follows,  unless  it  shall  be 
T.-H.-D.  apparent  from  their  context  that  they  have  a  different  meaning- 

35  Words  used   in   the  singular  include  the  plural,   and  th(! 
T.-H.-D.  plural  the  singular. 

36  Words  used  in  the  present  tense  include  the  future. 

T.-H.-D. 

37  Words  used  in  the  masculine  gender  include  the  feminine, 
T.-H.-D.  and  the  feminine,  the  masculine. 


16  STATE    IfOUSlNG    MANUAL. 

PiiraKi'aiili 
numlHir.  .  , , 

Words    "building    department,"    "housing    department, 

38  "health  department,"  "department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
T.-ii.-D.  ment  of  this  act,"  "fire  commissioner,"  shall  be  construed  as 

if  followed  by  the  words,  "of  the  incorporated  town,  incor- 
porated city,  incorporated  city  and  comity,  or  county,"  as  the 
case  may  be,  in  w^hich  the  tenement  house  [hotel  or  dwelling] 
is  situated. 

"Apartment"  is  a  room  or  suite  of  rooms  which  is  occupied 

39  or  is  intended  or  designed  to  be  occupied  by  one  family  for 
T.-D.    living  and  sleeping  purposes  [in  a  tenement  house  or  dwelling] . 

"Approved"  means  whatever  material,  appliance,  appur- 

40  tenance,  or  other  matter  meets  the  requirements  and  approval 
T.-H.    of  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act, 

or  which  is  approved  bj^  local  ordinance  of  the  municipality 
in  which  the  building  is  situated,  or  any  appliance,  appur- 
tenance, or  other  matter  which  conforms  to  the  requirements 
of,  and  bears  the  approval  of  the  "national  board  of  fire  under- 
writers ' ' ;  provided,  how^ever,  that  no  such  material,  appliance, 
appurtenance,  or  other  matter  shall  be  deemed  "approved"  for 
use  where,  or  in  such  a  manner  as  would  be  inconsistent  with 
the  intent,  or  specific  provisions  of  this  act. 

"Basement"  is  any  story  or  portion  thereof  partly  below 

41  the  level  of  the  curb  or  the  actual  adjoining  ground  level,  the 
T.-H.-D.  ceiling  of  which  in  no  part  is  less  than  seven  feet  above  the 

curb  level  or  actual  ad.joining  ground  levels.  If  the  adjoining 
ground  is  excavated  to  or  beloAV  the  curb  level,  or  to  or  below 
the  adjoining  natural  ground  level,  such  excavated  space 
shall  have  not  less  than  the  minimum  width  and  length 
required  in  this  act  for  outer  courts.  Every  basement  [in  a 
tenement  house  or  hotel]  is  a  story. 

42  "Building"  is  a  tenement  house  [hotel  or  dwelling  as  the 
T.-H.-D.  case  may  &e] . 

"Building  department"  means  the  commissioner  of  build- 

43  ings,  superintendent  of  buildings,  chief  inspector  of  buildings 
T.-H.-D.  or  any  officer  or  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of 

ordinances  and  laws  regulating  the  construction  and  alteration 
of  buildings  or  structures. 

"Cellar"   is  any  story  or  portion  thereof,  the  ceiling  of 

44  which  in  any  part  is  less  than  seven  feet  above  the  curb  level 
T.-H.-D.  and  actual  adjoining  ground  levels. 

"Court"  is  an  open,  unoccupied  space  other  than  a  yard 

45  on  the  lot  on  which  is  situated  a  tenement  house  [or  hotel] .     A 
T.-H.    court,  one  entire  side  or  end  of  which  is  bounded  bj'  a  front 

yard,  a  rear  yard  or  a  side  yard,  or  by  the  front  of  lot,  or  by  a 
street  or  a  public  alley,  is  an  "outer  court."  Every  court 
which  is  not  an  "outer  court"  is  an  "inner  court." 

Note:    See   illustrations   on    pages   69-70. 


COMMISSION    OP   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  17 


Paragrai'li 
number. 


Every  court  shall  be  open  and  unobstructed  to  the  sky  from 

46  a  point  not  more  than  two  feet  above  the  floor  line  of  the 
T.-H.    lowest  story  in  the  building  in  which  there  are  windows  from 

rooms  or  apartments  abutting  the  said  court,  except  that 
a  cornice  on  the  building  may  extend  into  an  "outer  court" 
two  inches  for  each  one  foot  in  width  of  such  court,  and 
a  cornice  may  extend  into  an  "inner  court"  one  inch  for  each 
one  foot  in  width  of  such  court. 

Note:    Paragraphs   45-46   apply   to   tenement    houses   and    hotels   only. 

"Curb  level"  is  the  curb  level  opposite  the  center  of  the 

47  "front  of  lot."     [In  the  case  of  a  divelling  if  a  curl)  has  not 
T.-H.-D.  heen  established  it  means  the  average  ground  level  at  the  front 

of  lot.] 
Wherever  the  Avord  "department"  is  used  it  means  the 

48  building    department,    the    housing    department,    the    health 
T.-H.-D.  department  or  such  other  department  or  officer,  or  depart- 
ments or  officers,  who  are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

*"Dormitory"  is  a  room  in  which  more  than  two  persons  are 

49  "guests"  and  are  not  living  together,  and  shall,  for  the  pur- 
H.       pose  of  computing  the  number  of  rooms,  be  deemed  a  separate 

guest  room  for  each  one  hundred  square  feet  of  superficial 
floor  area  therein. 

Note:  A  dormitory  containing  600  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area 
(6  guest  rooms)  or  more  is  in  itself  a  "hotel."  If  It  contains  less  than 
600  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area  it  is  a  "dwelling." 

**"Dwelluig"  is  as  follows: 

50  (a)  Any  house  or  building,  or  any  portion  thereof,  which 
D.       contains  not  more  than  two  apartments,  or  not  more  than  five 

guest  rooms,  or, 

(b)  Any  house   or  building,   or   any   portion   thereof,   not 

51  more  than  one  story  in  height,  which  contains  more  than  two 
D.       apartments,  or, 

(c)  Any   house    or   building,    or    any    portion    thereof,    of 

52  more  than  one  story  and  not  more  than  two  stories  in  height, 
D.       which  is  designed,  built,  rented,  leased,  let  or  hired  out  to  be 

occupied,  or  is  occupied,  as  the  home  or  residence  of  not  more 
than  four  families,  (four  apartments)  and  which  is  so  arranged 
that  each  of  the  said  families  live  independently  of  each  other, 
and  which  building  is  constructed  and  arranged  so  that  a 
separate  section  is  or  may  be  kept  as  a  home  or  a  residence  of  a 
separate  family.  Each  such  section  having  an  entirel}'  inde- 
pendent and  separate  entrance,  and  if  a  stairway  is  required, 
one  separate  stairway  leading  to  each  section  from  the  street 
or  from  an  outside  vestibule  on  the  level  of  the  first  floor  of 
said  building,  and  with  no  room,  hallway,  bathroom,  water- 
closet  or  kitchen  used  in  common  by  two  or  more  families 
occupying  the  said  building. 

Note:  The  intent  of  the  dwelling  definition  is  to  cover  every  building, 
which  Is  used  for  living  or  sleeping  purposes  by  human  beings,  not 
included  in  the  tenement  house  or  hotel  definitions. 

2—46714 


18  STATE   HOUSING    MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

"Family"  is  one  person  living  alone  or  a  group  of  two  or 

53  more  persons  living  together  in  an  apartment,  whetlier  related 
T.-D.    to  each  other  by  birth  or  not. 

Note:    Paragraph   53   applies  to   tenement   houses   and   dwellings  only. 

"Fireproof  tenement  house"  [or  hotel]  is  a  building  wherein 

54  all  the  exterior  and  interior  loads  or  strains  are  transmitted  to 
T.-H.    the  foundation  by  means  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick, 

stone,  or  by  means  of  a  skeleton  framework  of  steel  or  iron ;  the 
exterior  walls,  inner  court  walls  and  roof  constructed  of 
concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or  hollow  terra  cotta 
tile;  where  all  the  structural  steel  or  iron  is  thoroughly  fire- 
proofed  by  concrete,  cement  plaster,  tile,  brick  or  sandstone, 
not  less  than  two  inches  thick;  where  all  the  interior  parti- 
tions are  constructed  of  either  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks, 
gypsum  blocks,  brick,  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  or  of  metal 
studs  lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plastered  not  less  than  three- 
quarters  inch  thick  including  the  lath,  or  of  metal  studs 
lathed  with  approved  plaster  board  and  plastered  not  less 
than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the  plaster  board, 
or  constructed  of  wire  glass  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch 
thick,  set  in  metal  frames  and  sash,  and  all  other  materials 
used  in  the  said  building  are  of  approved  incombustible  mate- 
rial, except  that  the  glass  in  windows,  transoms,  or  doors  may 
be  plain  glass,  and  except  that  doors,  frames,  sash  and  the 
usual  trim  of  rooms,  hallways,  corridors  and  passageways  may 
be  of  wood,  and  except  that  wood  floors  may  be  placed  on  top 
of  the  floors  constructed  of  incombustible  materials,  except  in 
the  stairways  and  public  hallways. 

55  *" Guest"  is  any  person  hiring  and  occupying  a  room  for 
H.-D.    sleeping  purposes,  and  shall  include  both  boarders  and  lodgers. 

Note:   Paragraph  55  applies  to  hotels  and  dwellings  only. 

*"  Guest  room"  is  a  room  which  is  occupied,  or  is  intended, 

56  arranged  or  designed  to  be  occupied  for  sleeping  purposes  by 
H.-D.    one  or  more  guests,  but  shall  not  be  deemed  to  include  dormi- 
tories used  for  sleeping  purposes. 

Note:  Paragraph  56  applies  to  hotels  and  dwellings  only.  However, 
that  portion  of  the  paragraph  referring  to  dormitories  applies  to  hotels 
only.     See  paragraph  49. 

"Hotel"  is  any  house  or  building,  or  portion  thereof,  con- 

57  taining  six  or  more  guest  rooms  which  are  let  or  hired  out  to 
H.       be  occupied,  or  which  are  occupied  by  six  or  more  guests, 

whether  the  compensation  for  hire  be  paid  directly  or 
indirectly  in  money,  goods,  wares,  merchandise,  labor  or  other- 
wise, and  shall  include  Turkish  baths,  bachelor  hotels,  studio 
hotels,  public  and  private  clubs  and  any  building  of  any 
nature  whatsoever  so  designed  or  occupied,  except  hospitals 
where  persons  temporaril}"  reside  and  where  each  such  per- 
son receives  regular  bona  fide  medical  attendance  on  the 
premises,  and  .jails,  detention  buildings  and  similar  buildings 
where  human  beings  are  housed  and  detained  under  restraint. 

Note:  The  definition  of  a  hotel  Includes  rooming  and  lodging  houses, 
and  all  similar  places  where  six  (6)  or  more  rooms  are  let  or  hired  out 
to  the  public  for  sleeping  purposes.     See  note  following  paragraph  49. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  19 


Paragraph 
number. 


"Housing  department"  is  any  department  or  commission 

58  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  ordinances  or  laws  regulating 
T.-H.-D.  the  occupancy  and  maintenance  of  tenement  houses,  hotels  or 

dwelling  house  buildings ;  and  where  no  such  department  is 
maintained,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  health  commissioner,  the 
department  of  health,  health  officer,  or  similar  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  laws  and  ordinances  relating 
to  the  protection  of  the  public  health. 

"Kitchen"  is  any  room  in  any  apartment  [in  a  tenement 

59  hoiise]   used  or  intended  or  designed  to  be  used  for  cooking 
T.       purposes  and  for  the  preparation  of  food. 

Note:   This  definition   applies  to  tenement   houses  only. 

"Lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land  on  which  is  situated  a 

60  tenement  house,    [hotel  or  dwelling]   together  with  the  land, 
T.-H.-D.  yards,  courts  and  unoccupied  spaces  for  such  a  tenement  house 

[hotel  or  dwelling]  as  required  by  this  act ;  all  of  which  land 
shall  be  owned  by  or  be  under  the  absolute  lawful  control  and 
in  the  lawful  possession  of  the  tenement  house  [hotel  or 
dwelling]. 

A  lot  situated  at  the  junction  of  two  or  more  intersecting 

61  streets,  with  a  boundary  line  thereof  bordering  on  each  of  the 
T.-H.    two  streets  is  a  "corner  lot."     All  parts  of  the  width  of  such 

a  corner  lot  which  are  distant  more  than  seventy-five  feet  from 
the  junction  point  of  the  two  or  more  intersecting  streets,  shall 
be  deemed  to  be  an  "interior  lot."  The  owner  or  his  author- 
ized agent  may  designate  either  street  frontage  as  being  the 
front  of  such  corner  lot  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the 
width  thereof. 

62  A  lot  which  has  only  one  boundary  line  bordering  on  a  public 
T.-H.    street  is  an  "interior  lot." 

"Rear  lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land  having  no  boundary 

63  line  bordering  on  a  street,  or  having  less  than  one-half  of  its 
T.-H.    width  as  a  boundary  line  bordering  on  a  street. 

"Front  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line  of  lot  bordering  on  the 

64  street.     In  case  of  a  corner  lot,  either  of  such  boundary  lines 
T.-H.    may  be  the  "front  of  lot." 

65  "Rear  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line  of  lot  opposite  the 
T.-H.  'front  of  lot." 

66  "Depth  of  lot"  is  the  mean  distance  from  the  "front  of 
T.-H.  lot"  to  the  "rear  of  lot." 

Note:   Paragraphs  61  to  66  apply  to  tenement  houses  and   hotels  only 
— see   illustrations  on   page  68. 

"Nuisance"  embraces  public  nuisance  as  known  at  common 

67  law  or  in  equity  jurisprudence,  and  whatever  is  dangerous  to 
T.-H.-D.  human  life  or  detrimental  to  health,  and  shall  also  embrace 

the  overcrowding  with  occupants  of  any  room,  insufficient 
ventilation,  or  illumination,  or  inadequate  or  insanitary  sewer- 
age or  plumbing  facilities,  or  uncleanliness,  and  whatever 
renders  air,  food  or  drink  unwholesome  or  detrimental  to  the 
health  of  human  beings. 


20  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL. 


Pnrjil-'i'aph 
number. 


"Occupied  space"  is  all  the  space  covered  by  a  tenement 

68  house,  including  outside  stairways,  platforms,  fire  escapes, 
T.  balconies,  fire  towers,  chimneys,  stacks,  vent  shafts,  not  exceed- 
ing thirty-two  square  feet  in  area,  cornice,  or  auy  part  thereof, 
which  projects  into  an  inner  court  more  than  one  inch  for 
each  one  foot  in  Avidth  of  such  court,  or  which  projects  into 
an  outer  court  or  yard  more  than  two  inches  for  each  one  foot 
in  width  of  such  outer  court  or  a  yard,  except  that  outside 
stairways,  platforms  and  balconies  constructed  of  open  metal 
work  and  fire  escapes  may  extend  not  exceeding  four  feet 
beyond  the  exterior  walls  of  the  building  into  a  front  or  rear 
yard,  and  except  that  a  retaining  wall  may  extend  not  to 
exceed  twelve  inches  into  a  yard  or  court.  For  the  purpose 
of  determining  occupied  space,  the  area  of  the  building  shall 
be  taken  at  the  lowest  story  or  portion  thereof  used  for  living 
or  sleeping  purposes. 

Note:    Paragraph    68   applies   to   tenement    houses    only.     However,    it 
is  a  good  rule  to  apply  to  hotels  also. 

"Person"  is  a  natural  person,  his  heirs,  executors,  adminis- 

69  trators  or  assigns;  and  also  includes  a  firm,  partnership  or 
T.-H.-D,  corporation,  its  or  their  successors  or  assigns. 

"Public  hallway"  is  a  hallway,  corridor,  passageway  or 

70  vestibule  not  within  an  apartment,    [m  a  tenemeiit  Jiouse  or 
T.-H.     not  within  a  suite  of  rooms  in  a  hotel]  and  includes  stairways, 

landings  and  platforms. 

71  "Rear  tenement  house"  [or  hotel]  is  a  tenement  house  [or 
T.-H.    hotel]   on  a  "rear  lot." 

"Semifireproof  tenement  house"   [or  hotel]  is  a  building 

72  with  all  exterior  w^alls  and  walls  of  inner  and  outer  courts 
T.-H.    constructed  of  brick,  stone,  concrete,  reinforced  concrete  or 

hollow  terra  cotta  tile ;  except  that  the  walls  of  an  inner  court, 
which  court  is  surrounded  on  four  sides  by  the  same  building, 
may  be  constructed  as  provided  in  this  act  for  such  inner 
courts ;  interior  partitions  and  floors  constructed  of  approved 
incombustible  materials  or  of  wood,  with  all  ceilings,  parti- 
tions, soffits  of  stairways,  and  outside  stringers  of  open  stair- 
ways and  stair  wells  metal  lathed  and  plastered  not  less  than 
three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  lathed  with  an 
approved  plaster  board  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  plaster  board;  in  which  all  finished 
floors,  frames,  doors  and  the  usual  trim  of  rooms  and  hallways 
may  be  built  of  Avood  and  the  roof  of  which  shall  be  covered 
with  at  least  a  composition  fire-retardant  material. 

73 

' '  Shall. ' '     Whenever  this  word  is  used  it  shall  be  mandatory. 

T.-H.-D.  *' 

"Street"  is  any  public  street,  alley,  thoroughfare  or  park 
74      having  a  minimum  width  of  sixteen  feet,  measured  from  the 
T.-H.-D.  "front  of  lot"  to  the  opposite  "front  of  lot,"  and  which  shall 
have  been  dedicated  or  deeded  to  the  public  for  public  use. 


COMMISSION    OP   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  21 


Paragraph 

number. 


"Tenement  house"  is  any  house  or  building,  or  portion 

75  thereof,   more  than  one  story  in  height,  which  is  designed, 
T.       built,  rented,  leased,  let  or  hired  out  to  be  occupied,  or  which 

is  occupied  as  the  home  or  residence  of  three  or  more  families 
living  independently  of  each  other  and  doing  their  cooking  in 
the  said  building;  provided,  however,  that  any  building  not 
more  than  two  stories  in  height  which  is  designed,  built, 
rented,  leased,  let  or  hired  out  to  be  occupied,  or  is  occupied, 
as  the  home  or  residence  of  not  more  than  four  families,  and 
the  said  building  is  so  arranged  that  each  of  the  said  families 
live  independently  of  each  other,  and  the  building  is  con- 
structed and  arranged  so  that  a  separate  section  is,  or  may  be, 
kept  as  a  home  or  residence  of  a  separate  family,  and  each 
such  section  has  an  entirely  independent  and  separate  entrance, 
and  if  a  stairway  is  required,  one  such  stairway  leading 
to  each  section  from  the  street  or  from  an  outside  vestibule 
on  the  level  of  the  first  floor  of  said  building  is  a  separate 
stairway,  and  with  no  room,  hallway,  bathroom,  water-closet, 
or  kitchen  used  in  common  by  two  or  more  families  occupying 
the  said  building,  shall  be  deemed  not  to  come  within  the 
definition  of  a  "tenement  house." 

Note:    The    latter    part   of   this    paragraph    is   the   same   as   paragraph 
52.     It   is  a   "dwelling"  though   more  commonly  called  flats. 

*" Turkish  bath"  is  a  dormitory  or  a  combination  of  guest 

76  rooms,  accommodating  six  (6)   or  more  guests,  in  connection 
H.       with  which  any  form   of  bath  or  massage  is  given  by   the 

attendants  to  the  guests. 

Note:   Same  as  a  hotel.     See  paragraph  57. 

"Wooden  tenement  house"   [or  hotel]  is  a  building  which 

77  does  not  fully  comply  with  the  requirements  for  a  "fireproof" 
T.-H.    or  a  "semifireproof "  tenement  house  [(W-  hotel]  as  defined  in 

this  act,  and  shall  include  all  frame  and  all  veneered  buildings. 
In  every  such  building  all  ceilings  and  walls  and  partitions 

78  of  public  hallways,  soffits  of  interior  stairways  and  the  outside 
T.-H.    stringers  of  open  stairways,   and  stair  wells  shall  be  metal 

lathed  and  plastered  not  less  than  three  quarters  inch  thick 
including  the  lath,  or  lathed  with  an  approved  plaster  board 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the 
plaster  board. 

"Yard"  [/or  tenement  liouses]  is  a  portion  of  a  lot  on  which 

79  is    situated    a    tenement    house    and    which    is    unoccupied 
T.       by  the  building  and   extends   from  the   ground  up    (except 

where  otherwise  provided  by  this  act)  open  and  unob- 
structed to  the  sky;  except  that  outside  stairways,  platforms 
and  balconies  constructed  of  open  metal  work  and  fire  escapes 
may  extend  not  more  than  four  feet  into  such  yards.  If  such 
yard  is  between  the  front  line  of  the  building  and  the  front 
i)oundary  line  of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "front  yard."  If  it  is  between 
the  extreme  rear  line  of  the  building  and  the  rear  of  the  lot,  it 
is  a  "rear  yard."  If  it  extends  from  the  rear  yard  to  the 
front  yard  or  front  of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "side  yard." 

Note:  Paragraph  79  applies  to  tenement  houses  only — see  Illustration 
on  page  69. 


22  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

*"Yard  [for  Jiotcls]  is  an  open  unoccupied  space  other  than 

80  a  court  on  the  lot  on  which  is  situated  a  hotel,  open  and  unob- 
H.      structed  to  the  sky  from  a  point  not  more  than  two  feet  above 

the  floor  line  of  the  lowest  story  in  the  building  in  which  there 
are  windows  from  rooms  abutting  the  said  yard;  except  that 
outside  stairways,  platforms  and  balconies  constructed  of  open 
metal  work  and  fire  escapes  may  extend  not  more  than  four 
feet  into  a  yard,  providing  they  do  not  in  any  manner  obstruct 
the  light  or  ventilation  of  rooms.  If  such  yard  is  between 
the  front  line  of  the  building  and  the  front  boundary  line 
of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "front  yard."  If  it  is  between  the  extreme 
rear  line  of  the  building  and  the  rear  of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "rear 
yard."  If  it  extends  from  the  rear  yard  to  the  front  yard, 
or  front  of  lot,  it  is  a  "side  yard." 

Note:  Paragraph  80  applies  to  hotels  only — see  Illustration  on  page  69. 

Sec.  11.     Rear  tenement  houses  and  hotels  restricted:  No 

81  tenement  house    [or  hotel]    shall  hereafter  be  erected  on,  or 
T.-H.    moved  on  to,  a  rear  lot.     No  building  for  any  purpose  shall 

hereafter  be  erected  in  front  of  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel] 
unless  there  shall  be  left  unoccupied  a  front  yard  extending 
from  the  front  of  the  rear  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  to  the 
front  line  of  lot  bordering  on  the  street. 

Such  front  yard  shall  not  be  in  any  part  less  in  width  than 

82  fifty  per  cent  of  the  actual  width  of  the  rear  tenement  house  [or 
T.-H.    hotel]. 

Sec.  12.     Height    of    buildings:    No    fireproof    tenement 

83  house   [or  hotel]   hereafter  erected  shall  exceed  one  hundred 
T.-H.    fifty  feet  in  height,  nor  more  than  one  and  one-half  times  the 

width  of  the  widest  street  to  which  the  lot  on  which  it  is  situated 
abuts. 

No  semifireproof  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected 

84  shall  exceed  six  stories  at  any  point,  nor  more  than  sixty-five 
T.-H.    feet  in  height  (except  as  hereinafter  provided),  nor  more  than 

one  and  one-half  times  the  width  of  the  widest  street  to  which 
the  lot  on  which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

No  wooden  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  shall 

85  exceed  three  stories  at  any  point  nor  more  than  thirty-six  feet  in 
T.-H.    height   (except  as  hereinafter  provided),  nor  more  than  one 

and  one-half  times  the  width  of  the  widest  street  to  which  the 
lot  on  which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

86  The  width  of  the  street,  for  this  purpose,  shall  be  measured 
T.-H.    from  the  extreme  front  of  the  building  to  the  front  of  lot 

opposite,  across  the  street. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  section  a  basement  is  a  stor5^ 

The  height  of  a  fireproof  tenement  house   [or  hotel]   is  the 
88      perpendicular  distance  from  the  curb  level  or  adjoining  ground 
T.-H.    levels  to  the  highest  point  of  the  roof.     The  height  of  a  semi- 
fireproof  or  of  a  wooden  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  is  the  per- 
pendicular distance  from  the  curb  level  or  adjoining  ground 
levels  to  the  lowest  point  of  the  finished  ceiling  of  the  top 


87 

T.-H 


COMMISSION    OP   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  23 

Paragraph 
number. 

story;  provided,  that  in  the  case  of  a  semifireproof  tenement 
house  [or  hotel]  situated  on  a  lot  with  the  ground  sloping 
downward  from  the  facade  at  which  the  measurement  is 
taken  the  height  of  the  building  shall  not  at  any  point  exceed 
sixty-five  feet  above  the  curb  level  measured  on  the  facade  fac- 
ing the  street,  nor  shall  the  height  of  the  building  at  any  point 
of  the  grade  exceed  seventy-five  feet  above  the  adjoining  curb 
in  case  of  a  corner  lot,  or  above  the  level  of  the  ground  in  the 
case  of  an  interior  lot,  and  in  the  case  of  a  wooden  tenement 
house  [or  hotel]  situated  on  a  lot  with  the  ground  sloping 
downward  from  the  facade  at  which  the  measurement  is 
taken  the  height  of  the  building  shall  not  at  any  point  exceed 
thirty-six  feet  above  the  curb  line  measured  on  the  facade 
facing  the  street,  nor  shall  the  height  of  the  building  at  any 
point  of  the  grade  exceed  forty-six  feet  above  the  adjoining 
curb  in  the  case  of  a  corner  lot  or  above  the  level  of  the  ground 
in  the  case  of  an  interior  lot. 

Note:  See  illustration  on   page  71. 

Sec.  13.     Percentage  of  lot  unoccupied  by  tenement  house : 

89  On  every  corner  lot  on  which  a  tenement  house  is  hereafter 
T.       erected,  at  least  ten  per  cent  of  such  lot  shall  be  left  unoccupied ; 

provided,  however,  that  if  such  corner  lot  extends  through  from 
one  street  to  another  street,  one-half  of  the  narrowest  street  to 
which  said  lot  abuts  may  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  lot  in 
computing  the  percentage  of  lot  to  be  left  unoccupied;  except 
that  if  such  one-half  of  the  narrowest  street  is  greater  than  the 
rear  yard  required  for  such  tenement  house,  then  only  as  much 
of  the  said  street  as  is  required  for  the  rear  yard  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  part  of  the  lot  for  the  purpose  of  computing  the  per- 
centage of  lot  to  be  left  unoccupied. 

On  every  interior  lot  on  which  a  tenement  house  is  hereafter 

90  erected,  at  least  twenty-five  per  cent  of  such  lot  shall  be  left 
T.       unoccupied ;  provided,  however,  that  if  such  interior  lot  extends 

through  from  one  street  to  another  street,  one-half  of  the  nar- 
rowest street  to  which  such  lot  abuts  may  be  considered  as  a 
part  of  the  lot  in  computing  the  percentage  of  lot  to  be  left 
unoccupied ;  except  that  if  such  one-half  of  the  narrowest  street 
is  greater  than  the  rear  yard  required  for  such  tenement  house, 
then  only  as  much  of  the  said  street  as  is  required  for  the  rear 
yard  shall  be  considered  as  part  of  the  lot  for  the  purpose  of 
computing  the  percentage  of  lot  to  be  left  unoccupied. 
Sec.  14.     Rear  yard  required  by  tenement  house :  Immedi- 

91  ately  behind  every  tenement  hoiLse  hereafter  erected  there  shall 
T.       be  a  rear  yard  extending  across  the  entire  width  of  the  lot. 

Sec.  15.    Yards,  courts — two  buildings:  In  no  event  shall 

92  any  yard  or  court  be  made  to  serve  the  purpose  of  two  tenement 
T.-H.    houses  [or  hotels]  hereafter  erected,  or  of  an  existing  tenement 

house  [or  hotel]  and  a  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel]  hereafter 
erected,  unless  such  yard  or  court,  as  the  case  may  be,  is  of  the 
full  size  required  for  two  tenement  houses,  [or  hotels]  and  then 


24  STATE   JIOUSING    MANUAL. 


Par.igrcpli 
numbar. 


only  in  the  event  that  such  yard  or  court,  as  the  case  may  be,  is 
located  on  the  same  lot  and  owned  by  or  in  the  absolute  lawful 
control  and  in  the  lawful  possession  of  the  tenement  house  [or 
hotel]  it  proposes  to  serve. 

Where  a  tenement  house,  [or  liotel]  now  or  hereafter  erected, 

93  stands  upon  a  lot,  no  other  building  shall  hereafter  be  placed 
T.-H.    upon  the  front  or  rear  of  that  lot,  unless  the  minimum  distance 

between  such  buildings  shall  be  at  least  ten  feet,  and  two  addi- 
tional feet  shall  be  added  to  such  minimum  distance  of  ten  feet 
for  every  story  more  than  one  in  height  of  the  highast  building 
on  such  lot. 
Sec.  16.    Rear  yard  measurement:  The  depth  of  a  rear 

94  yard    [for  a  tenement  house  or  hotel]   shall  be  measured  at 
T.-H.    right  angles  from  the  extreme  rear  line  of  the  building  towards 

the  rear  lot  line. 

Note:   See   illustration   on   page  74. 

Sec.  17.     Rear  yard  on  interior  lot — tenement  house:  On 

95  every  interior  lot   on  which   a   tenement  house   is  hereafter 
T.       erected  there  shall  be  provided  a  rear  yard.     Such  yard  shall 

extend  from  the  ground  clear  and  unobstructed  to  the  skj^, 
and  shall  extend  across  the  entire  width  of  the  lot;  except  that 
outside  stairways,  platforms  and  balconies  constructed  of  open 
metal  work  and  fire  escapes  may  extend  not  more  than  four 
feet  into  such  yard.  The  minimum  depth  of  such  rear  yard 
shall  be  as  follows: 


Height  of  building  measured  from  top  of  waU  to  floor  of  Depth  of 

yard  at  point  abutting  the  rear  yard  rear  yard 

Not  exceeding    36  feet 10  feet 

Not  exceeding    48  feet —\  11  feet 

Not  exceeding    60  feet '  12  feet 

Not  exceeding    72  feet 14  feet 

Not  exceeding    84  feet 16  feet 

Not  exceeding    96  feet 18  feet 

Not  exceeding  108  feet 20  feet 

Not  exceeding  120  feet 22  feet 

Not  exceeding  132  feet 24  feet 

Not  exceeding  150  feet : 26  feet 


Provided,  however,  that  if  such  interior  lot  extends  through 

96  from  one  street  to  another  street  or  public  alley,  one-half  of 
T.       the  narrowest  street  or  public  alley  to  which  said  lot  abuts 

may  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  lot  in  computing  the  rear 
yard  required  by  this  section. 
Sec.  18.     Rear  yard  on  corner  lot— tenement  house:   On 

97  every,  corner  lot  on  which  a  tenement  house  is  hereafter  erected 
T.       there  shall  be  provided  a  rear  yard.     Such  yard  shall  extend 

from  the  lowest  floor  which  is  used  for  living  or  sleeping  apart- 
ments, clear  and  unobstructed  to  the  sky,   and  shall  extend 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING. 


25 


Paragraph 
number. 


across  the  entire  width  of  such  lot;  except  that  outside  stair- 
ways, platforms  and  balconies  constructed  of  open  metal  work 
and  fire  escapes  may  be  extended  not  more  than  four  feet  into 
such  yard.  The  minimum  depth  of  such  rear  yard  shall  be 
as  follows : 


1 

Depth  of  corner  lot 

Depth  of  rear  yard 

Not  exceeding  100  feet 

Exceeding  100  feet ..  . 

Not  less  than  10  per  cent  of  the  depth 
of  the  lot  nor  less  than  5  feet,  nor  less 
than  the  minimum  width  required  for 
an  outer  court,  based  on  the  number 
of  stories  in  such  building. 

Not  less  than  10  feet  nor  less  than  the 
minimum  width  required  for  an  outer 
court,  based  on  the  number  of  stories 
in  such  building. 

1 

Provided,  however,  if  such  corner  lot  extends  through  from 

98  one  street  to  another  street,  or  to  a  public  alley,  one-half  of  the 
T.       narrowest  street  or  public  alley  to  which  such  lot  abuts  may  be 

considered  as  a  part  of  the  lot  in  computing  the  rear  yard 
required  by  this  section. 

*Sec.  15.     Rear  yard— size  for  hotel:  The  minimum  size  of 

99  every  rear  yard  for  a  hotel  hereafter  erected  shall  be  not  less 
H.       in  width  and  in  area  than  an  inner  court,  except  that  if  such 

rear  yard  is  bounded  on  its  entire  one  end  or  side  by  an  outer 
court,  or  by  a  side  yard  or  by  a  street,  or  by  a  public  alley  or 
park,  then  such  rear  yard  shall  be  not  less  in  width  or  exceed 
the  maximum  length  of  an  outer  court;  provided,  however, 
that  if  the  lot  extends  through  from  one  street  to  another 
street  or  public  alley,  one-half  of  the  narrowest  street  or  public 
alley,  to  which  said  lot  abuts  may  be  considered  as  a  part  of 
the  lot  in  computing  the  rear  yard  required. 

Note:    Paragraph    99    applies   to    hotels    only.     The    design    of   a    hotel 
determines   when    there   must    be  Tsrovided   a    rear  yard. 

Sec.  19.     Rear  yard  access:  Every   rear  yard  required  by 

100  this  act  and  not  bordering  on  a  street  or  public  alley  and  with- 
T.-H.    out  direct  access  thereto  shall  have  access  to  a  street  or  public 

alley  by  means  of  an  unobstructed  passageway  not  less  than 
three  feet  six  inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less  than  seven  feet  in 
clear  height;  and  if  such  passageway  or  any  portion  thereof 
passes  through  a  building,  such  portion  thereof  shall  be  built 
of  approved  incombustible  materials,  or  shall  be  lathed  with 
metal  lath  or  approved  plaster  board  and  be  pla.stered  not  less 
than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster 
board,  or  shall  be  lined  with  not  less  than  number  twenty-six 
(gauge)  galvanized  iron,  and  shall  be  drained  and  lighted. 


26  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

Sec.  20.     Front  yard:  Every  front  yard  which  is  excavated 

101  l)elow  the  level  of  the  curb  or  below  the  adjoining  ground  level 
T.-H.    for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  light  and  ventilation  to  a  base- 
ment shall  in  no  part  be  less  in  width  and  length  than  required 
for  outer  courts. 

Sec.  21.     Side  yard:  The  width  of  every  side  yard  shall  be 

102  not  less  than  the  width  required  for  an  outer  court  except  that 
T.-H.    the  provisions  of  this  act  regarding  the  maximum  lengths  of 

an  outer  court  shall  not  apply  to  a  side  yard ;  provided,  that  if 
there  is  a  side  yard  on  both  sides  of  the  building,  connected  one 
with  the  other  across  the  rear  of  the  building  by  the  rear  yard, 
then  the  width  of  the  side  yards  may  be  reduced  twelve  inches. 

Note:   Side  yards   in    lieu   of   courts  are  very  desirable  from   a   health 
and  fire  safety  standpoint,  therefore,  should   be  encouraged. 

Sec.  22.     Outer  court  sizes:   The  minimum  size  of  every 

103  outer  court  for  a  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected 
T.-H.    shall  be  as  follows : 


Height  of  building  [tenement  housel  based  on 
the  full  number  of  stories  in  the  building 
measured  upward  from  and  including  the  low- 
est  story  in  which  there  is  an   apartment  or 

apartments.      [In  a  hotel  the  lowest  story  in    i         court  court 

ivhich   there  is  a  guest  room  or  guest  rooras, 
or  a  dormitory  or  dormitories.] 


Minimum       Maximum 
width  of  length  of 


1  or  2  stories 

4ft.  Oin. 

16ft.  Oin. 

3  stories  

4  ft.  6  in. 

25ft.  Oin. 

4  stories   _.    _           ... 

5ft.  Gin. 

30  ft.  0  in. 

5  stories  

6ft.  Oin. 

35  ft.  0  in. 

6  stories  

8ft.  Oin. 

35ft.  Oin. 

7  stories   

10 ft.  Oin. 

40 ft.  Oin. 

8  stories  

12ft.  Oin. 

40 ft.  Oin. 

9  stories  

13ft.  Oin. 

40ft.  Oin. 

10  or  more  stories _  .. 

.     14ft.  Oin. 

40 ft.  Oin. 

There  shall  be  added  to  the  minimum  width  of  each  such 
104  outer  court  six  inches  for  each  five  feet  or  fractional  part 
T.-H.  thereof  in  excess  of  the  maximum  length;  provided,  however, 
that  the  maximum  lengths  herein  provided  shall  not  apply 
when  the  outer  court  is  bounded  on  one  side  for  its  entire 
length  by  a  lot  line ;  provided,  further,  that  if  an  outer  court 
is  bounded  by  a  public  alley  or  public  park,  the  width  of  such 
public  alley  or  public  park  may  be  considered  a  part  of  the 
lot  in  determining  the  required  width  of  the  outer  court. 

Note:  See  Illustration  on   page  70. 


COMMISSION    OP   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


27 


Paragraph 
number. 


Sec.  23.     Inner  court  sizes:   The  minimum  size  of  every 
105     inner  court  for  tenement  houses  [or  Jiotels]  hereafter  erected 
T.-H.    shall  be  as  follows : 


Height  of  building  [tenement  house]  based 
on  the  full  number  of  stories  in  the 
building  measured  upward  from  and  in- 
cluding the  lowest  story  in  which  there 
is  an  apartment  or  apartments.  [In  a 
hotel  the  lowest  story  in  which  there  is 
a  guest  room,  or  guest  rooms,  or  a 
dormitory   or   dormitories.] 


Minimum 

width  of 

court 


Minimum 
area  of  court 
in  square  feet 


1  or  2  stories -'  6  ft.  Oin.  i    75  square  feet 

3  stories      7  ft.  Oin.     120  square  feet 

4  stories     8  ft.  Oin.     160  square  feet 

5  stories  12  ft.  Oin.     2-50  square  feet 

6  stories         16  ft.  Oin.     400  square  feet 

7  stories                20  ft.  Oin.  ,  625  square  feet 

8  stories  and  more 24  ft.  Oin.     840  square  feet 


Provided,  however,  that  the  minimum  size  of  every  inner 
106  court  which  is  bounded  on  one  side  for  its  entire  length  by  a 
T.-H.    lot  line  may  be  as  follows : 


1 

Height  of  building  [tenement  house]  based 
on    the    full    number    of    stories    in    the 
building  measured  upward  from  and  in- 
cluding  the   lowest  story   in  which  there 
is    an    apartrnent   or   apartments.      [In  a 
hotel  the  lowest  story  in  which  there  is 
a    guest    room    or    guest    rooms,    or    a 
dormitory   or  dormitories.] 

Minimum 

width  of 

court 

Minimum 
area  of  court 

1  or  2  stories _ 

1 

5ft.  Oin. 

6ft.  Oin. 

7ft.  Oin. 

Oft.  Oin. 

16ft.  Oin. 

I    20 ft.  Oin. 

24  ft.  0  in. 

75  square  feet 
120  square  feet 
160  square  feet 
250  square  feet 
400  square  feet 
625  square  feet 
840  square  feet 

3  stories     -  - 

4  stories      - 

5  stories -  

6  stories  

7  stories -  -  

8  stories  and  more - 

1 

Every  inner  court  hereafter  constructed  and  every  inner 

107  court  or  vent  shaft  now  in  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  shall 
T.-H.    be  provided  with  a  door  or  window  at  or  near  the  bottom 

thereof,  giving  sufficient  access  to  such  court  or  vent  shaft  as  to 
enable  it  to  be  properly  cleaned  out. 
Sec.  24.     Recesses  from  a  court,  yard,  or  street:  Every 

108  recess  from  a  court,  yard  or  street  in  a  tenement  hoase  [or 
T.-H.  hotel]  hereafter  erected  shall,  unless  it  conforms  to  the  require- 
ments of  this  act  for  an  inner  court,  or  an  outer  court,  be  not 
less  in  width  tlian  its  depth.  Every  such  recess  shall  be  open 
and  unobstructed  to  the  sky  from  a  point  not  more  than  two 
feet  above  the  floor  line  of  the  lowest  story  in  the  building  in 
which  there  are  rooms  the  said  recess  proposes  to  serve. 


28 


STATE   HOUSING    MANUAL. 


ParnRraph 
number. 


Sec.  25.     Air  intakes  to  inner  courts :  Every  inner  court  in 
109     a  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  shall  be  provided 
T.-H.    with  one  or  more  horizontal  intakes  at  the  bottom  of  the  court, 
as  follows : 


Inner  court  areas 

Minimum 

number 

of  intakes 

Net  aggregate 
area  of  intakes 

Each  not  exceeding  800  square  feet 

Each  not  exceeding  800  square  feet 

Each  exceeding  800  square  feet 

One 
Two 
Two 

1%  square  feet 
40  square  feet 
60  square  feet 

Every  such  intake  shall  always  extend  directly  to  the  front 

110  of  lot  or  front  yard,  or  rear  yard,  or  to  a  side  yard,  or  to  a 
T.-H.    street,  or  to  a  public  alley  or  public  park.     Whenever  more 

than  one  intake  is  required,  one  such  intake  shall  extend  to 
the  front  of  lot  or  front  yard,  and  one  to  the  rear  yard,  public 
alley,  public  park,  or  to  the  other  street,  and  the  court  ends  of 
the  air  intakes  shall  be  as  far  apart  as  possible. 

Each  such  intake  shall  consist  of  an  unobstructed  duct  or 

111  passageway  having  a  minimum  width  of  three  feet  in  all  its 
T.-H,    parts  and  a  minimum  height  of  six  feet  six  inches. 

Every  such  intake  shall  be  constructed  of  approved  incom- 

112  bustible   materials,   or  shall  be   lined   with   at  least  number 
T.-H.    twenty-six  (gauge)  galvanized  iron  on  the  inside  thereof.    Such 

air  intakes  may  be  closed  at  each  end  with  a  gate  or  grill  having 
not  less  than  seventy-five  per  cent  of  open  work. 

In  case  the  inner  court  does  not  extend  below  the  second  floor 

113  level,  then  each  such  air  intake  may  consist  of  an  unobstructed 
T.-H.    open  duct,  constructed  of  approved  incombustible  materials 

or  lined  with  at  least  number  twenty-six  (gauge)  galvanized 
iron  on  the  inside  thereof,  having  an  interior  area  of  not  less 
than  nineteen  and  one-half  square  feet,  and  in  no  dimension 
less  than  twelve  inches,  and  covered  at  each  end  with  a  wire 
screen  of  not  less  than  one  inch  mesh. 

114  Every  air  intake  shall  be  drained  and  so  constracted  and 
T.-H.    arranged  as  to  be  readily  cleaned  out. 

Note:   Care   must   be  exercised  so  tliat   in   no   place  will  the  minimum 
dimensions  or  areas  of  the   intakes  be  diminished. 

Sec.  26.     Cellar  living  prohibited:  In  no  tenement  house 

115  [hotel  or  divelling]  shall  any  room  in  the  cellar  be  constructed, 
T.-H.-D.  altered,  converted  or  occupied  for  living  or  sleeping  purposes. 

Every  cellar  [in  a  tenement  house  or  hotel]  shall  be  illumin- 

116  ated  and  ventilated.     The  walls  and  floor  of  every  cellar  here- 
T.-H.    after  constructed,    [in  a  tenement  house  or  hotel]   which  are 

below  the  ground  level,  shall  be  made  waterproof  and  damp- 
proof,  and  whenever  deemed  necessaiy,  and  so  ordered  by  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the  walls 
and  ceilings  thereof  shall  be  plastered. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  29 


Paragraph 
number. 


Sec.  27.     Basement  living  rooms:  In  no  tenement  house 

117  [hotel  or  dtvelling]   shall  any  room  in  the  basement  be  con- 
T.-H.-D.  structed,  altered,  converted  or  occupied  for  living  or  sleeping 

purposes,  unless  such  room  conforms  to  all  of  the  requirements 
of  this  act  for  rooms  in  other  parts  of  the  building  and  that 
the  ceiling  of  each  such  room  be  in  all  parts  not  less  than  seven 
feet  above  the  adjoining  ground  level. 

Every  basement  shall  be  illuminated  and  ventilated.     The 

118  walls  and  floors  of  every  basement  hereafter  constructed,  which 
T.-H.-D.  are  below  the  groimd  level,  shall  be  made  waterproof  and  damp- 
proof,  and  whenever  deemed  necessary,  and  so  ordered  by  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the  walls 
and  ceilings  thereof  shall  be  plastered. 

Note:  The  plastering  of  basement  walls  and  ceilings  does  not  apply  to 
dwellings. 

Sec.  28.     Ground   floor  ventilation  and.  rat-proofing:    In 

119  ever}'  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected,  the  lowest 
T.-H.    floor  thereof  shall  be  at  least  eighteen  inches  above  the  surface 

soil  adjoining  and  imder  the  floor,  and  the  entire  space  under 
such  floor  shall  be  kept  dry,  drained,  clean  and  free  from  any 
accumulation  of  rubbish,  debris  or  filth. 

Such  space  under  the  floor  shall  be  enclosed  and  provided 

120  with  a  sufficient  number  of  openings  with  removable  screens 
T.-H.  or  similar  provisions  of  a  size  to  insure  ample  ventilation ;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  any  such  building  the  lowest  floor 
thereof  may  be  less  than  eighteen  inches  above  the  surface  soil, 
but  in  no  case  less  than  six  inches,  except  where  masonry  floors 
are  laid  directly  on  the  soil,  if  the  said  floor  is  made  impervious 
to  the  ingress  of  rats  or  other  vermin  as  follows : 

(a)  Foundation  walls  shall  be  constructed  of  concrete  or  of 

121  brick  or  stone  or  other  masonry  laid  in  a  good  mortar  or  con- 
T.-H.    structed  of  some  other  equally  as  rat  proof  material. 

(b)  The  said  foundation  Avails  shall  be  not  less  than  six 

122  inches  in  thiclmess  at  the  top  nor  less  than  twelve  inches  in 
T.-H.    thickness  at  the  bottom,  nor  extend  less  than  twelve  inches 

below  the  surface  soil,  and,  except  where  masonry  floors  are 
laid  directly  on  the  soil,  shall  extend  not  less  than  six  inches 
above  the  surface  soil. 

Note:    Foundation   wall   sizes   given   are   merely  for   rat-proofing   pur- 
poses and  are  not  presumed  capable  of  sustaining  loads  of  a  building. 

(c) Every  opening  in  the  foundation  walls,  for  ventilation 

123  or  for  other  purposes,  shall  be  made  rat  proof  with  suitable 
T.-H.    metal  screens  or  with  some  other  similar  rat  proof  material. 

Door  or  window  openings  in  such  walls  shall  have  tight  fitting 
doors  or  windows. 

(d)   The  said  lowest  floor  or  difi'ering  levels  thereof,  forming 

124  a  complete  floor  betM'cen  the  outside  walls  of  the  building,  shall 
T.-H.    be  constructed  cither  of  masonry,  or  covered  with  concrete  not 

less  than  one  and  one-half  inches  thick,  or  constructed  of  two 
layers  of  flooring  v\-ith  a  layer  of  galvanized  iron  or  galvanized 
iron  wire  cloth  or  other  approved  equally  as  rat  proof  material 


30  STATE  HOUSING  MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

placed  between  the  two  layers  of  flooring.  Or,  in  lieu  of  the 
floor  being  constructed  as  herein  prescribed,  the  entire  ground 
area  under  the  floor  shall  be  covered  Avith  concrete  not  less 
than  two  inches  thick,  except  where  the  surface  of  the  soil  is 
composed  of  rock.  The  rat-proofing  material  shall  always 
extend  under  the  plates  of  the  exterior  walls  and  supporting 
partitions. 

(e)  All  openings  throughout  the  said  floor  for  chimneys, 

125  plumbing,   water  pipes,   or  for  any  other  purpose,  shall  be 
T.-H.    closed  up  tight  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same  kind 

of  materials  as  required  under  the  plates  of  the  exterior  walls 
and  supporting  partitions,  and  if  the  rat-proofing  material  used 
for  closing  of  openings  is  other  than  masonry,  it  shall  extend 
beyond  and  underlap  the  flooring  all  around  the  opening,  not 
less  than  two  inches. 
**Sec.  9.     Dwelling-  construction:    Every   dw^elling   here- 

126  after  erected  shall  be  constructed  in  a  substantial  manner; 
D.       and  the  building  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to  provide  shelter 

to  the  occupants  against  the  elements,  and  so  as  to  exclude 
dampness  in  inclement  weather. 

Note:  The  intent  of  this  section  is  to  provide  a  reasonably  well  con- 
structed building  and  prohibit  the  construction  of  buildings  built  of 
old  and  worn  out  materials,  gunny  sacks,  tin  cans  and  similar  materials 
which  do  not  afford  proper  shelter  or  privacy  to  the  occupants,  or 
exclude    dampness. 

**Sec,  12.    Dwelling,  groiind  floor  ventilation:  In  every 

127  dwelling  hereafter  erected  there  shall  be  provided  a  clear  air 
D.       space  under  the  lowest  floor  thereof  of  at  least  six  inches, 

except  where  there  is  a  ventilated  basement  or  cellar  under- 
neath such  floor,  which  clear  air  space  shall  be  enclosed  and 
provided  with  a  sufficient  number  of  openings  with  removable 
screens,  or  similar  provisions,  of  a  size  to  insure  ample  ventila- 
tion. The  surface  underneath  the  floor  shall  be  kept  dry, 
drained,  clean  and  free  from  any  accumulation  of  rubbish, 
debris  or  filth. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  be  deemed  to  apply 
to  masonry  floors  laid  directly  on  the  soil,  nor  to  any  self- 
supporting  masonry  floor. 

Sec.  29.    Rooms,  sizes  of  in  tenement  houses:  In  every 

128  apartment  in  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  there 
T.  shall  be  at  least  one  room  containing  not  less  than  one  hun- 
dred twenty  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area,  and  every 
other  room  shall  contain  at  least  ninety  square  feet  of  super- 
ficial floor  area,  except  water-closet,  bath  or  slop-sink  compart- 
ments, and  except  kitchens,  closets,  recesses  from  rooms,  or 
dressing  rooms. 

129  Every  kitchen  shall  contain  not  less  than  fifty  square  feet  of 
T.       superficial  floor  area. 

Every  room  shall  at  every  point  be  not.  less  than  seven  feet 

130  in  width,  nor  less  than  nine  feet  in  height,  measured  from  the 
T.       finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceiling;  except  that  attic  rooms 

and  rooms  where  sloping  ceilings  occur  need  be  nine  feet  in 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  31 


Paragraph 
number. 


height  in  but  one-half  the  area  of  the  room;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall  not  apply  to 
water-closet,  bath  or  slop-sink  compartments,  nor  to  closets, 
nor  to  recesses  from  rooms,  nor  to  dressing  rooms,  nor  shall 
the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  as  to  minimum  width  apply 
to  kitchens. 
Every  water-closet  compartment  shall  be  not  less  than  thirty- 

131  six  inches  in  clear  width,  and  every  such  water-closet  compart- 
T.       ment,  bath  or  slop-sink  compartment,  or  closet,  or  recess  from 

a  room,  or  dressing  room,  shall  have  a  height  of  not  less  than 
seven  feet  six  inches,  measured  from  the  finished  floor  to  the 
finished  ceiling.  Everj^  closet,  recess  from  a  room,  or  dressing 
room,  which  contains  more  than  twenty-five  square  feet  of 
superficial  floor  area  (built-in  dressers,  clothes  presses  and 
similar  features  which  are  a  substantial  part  of  the  structure 
shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  a  part  of  the  floor  area  of  a  closet, 
recess  from  a  room  or  dressing  room)  shall  conform  to  all  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act  as  to  rooms,  and  shall  contain  not 
less  than  ninety  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area. 

No  part  of  any  room  in  any  tenement  house  shall  hereafter 

132  be  enclosed  or  subdivided  wholly,  or  in  part,  by  a  curtain, 
T.       portiere,  fixed  or  movable  partition,  or  other  contrivance  or 

device,  for  any  purpose  contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 

Entertainment,  amusement  or  reception  rooms  hereafter  con- 

133  structed,   altered  or  converted  in  any  tenement  house  shall 
T.       conform  to  the  provisions  of  section  thirty-three  [paragraphs 

164  to  170]  of  this  act. 

Note:  Every  apartment  must  have  one  room  with  at  least  120 
square  feet  of  floor  area.  Every  other  room  must  have  at  least  90 
square  feet  of  floor  area.  Every  sleeping  room  must  have  at  least 
60  square  feet  of  floor  area  for  each  adult  person  over  12  years  of  age, 
and  at  least  30  square  feet  of  floor  area  for  each  person  under  12  years 
of  age,  sleeping  therein.  Every  room,  excepting  water-closet  com- 
partments, bath  rooms,  kitchens,  or  similar  rooms,  must  in  no  part  be 
less  than  7  feet  wide.  Every  room  must  have  at  least  9  feet  clear 
ceiling  height  (except,  see  paragraph  130).  Every  kitchen  must  have 
at  least  50  square  feet  of  floor  area.  Every  water-closet  compartment 
must  be  at  least  36  inches  wide.  Every  water-closet  compartment, 
and  closet  must  have  at  least  7  feet  6  inches  clear  ceiling  height.  No 
closet,  alcove  or  recess  from  a  room,  shall  contain  more  than  25 
square  feet  of  floor  area. 

*Sec.  26.     Rooms,  size  of  in  hotels:  In  every  hotel  here- 

134  after  erected,  every  guest  room  shall  contain  not  less  than 
H.       ninety  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area.    Every  such  room 

shall  at  every  point  be  not  less  than  seven  feet  in  width,  nor 
less  than  nine  feet  in  height,  measured  from  the  finished  floor 
to  the  finished  ceiling;  except  that  attic  rooms  and  rooms 
where  sloping  ceilings  occur  need  be  nine  feet  in  height  in  but 
one-half  the  area  of  the  room. 

Note:  Every  sleeping  room  must  contain  at  least  90  square  feet  of 
floor  area.  Every  sleeping  room  must  contain  at  least  60  square  feet 
of  floor  area  for  each  adult  person  over  12  years  of  age,  and  at  least  30 
square  feet  of  floor  area  for  each  person  under  12  years  of  age,  sleeping 
therein. 

Every  water-closet  compartment  shall  be  not  less  than  thirty- 

135  six  inches  in  clear  width,  and  every  such  water-closet  compart- 
H.       ment,  bath  or  slop-sink  compartment,  or  closet  or  recess  from 


32  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL 


Paragraph 
number. 


a  room,  or  dressing  room  shall  liave  a  height  of  not  less  than 
seven  feet  six  ineh(-s,  measured  from  the  finished  floor  to  the 
finished  ceiling. 

Every  closet,  recess  from  a  room,  or  dressing  room  which 

136  contains  more  than  twenty-five  square  feet  of  superficial  floor 
H.       area    (built-in   dressers,   clothes  presses  and  similar  features 

which  are  a  substantial  part  of  the  structure  shall  not  be 
deemed  to  be  part  of  the  floor  area  of  a  closet,  recess  from  a 
room,  or  dressing  room),  shall  conform  to  all  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act  as  to  guest  rooms,  and  shall  contain  not  less  than 
ninety  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area. 

No  part  of  any  room  in  any  hotel  shall  hereafter  be  enclosed 

137  or  subdivided  wholly  or  in  part,  by  a  curtain,  portiere,  fixed 
H.       or  movable  partition,  or  other  contrivance  or  device,  for  any 

purpose,  contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Entertainment,   amusement   or  reception  rooms,   or  public 

138  dining  rooms,  hereafter  constructed,  altered  or  converted  in 
H.       any  hotel  shall  conform  to  the  provisions  of  section  thirty 

[paragraphs  171  to  173]  of  this  act. 
Dormitories  hereafter  constructed,  altered  or  converted  in 

139  any  hotel  shall  conform  to  the  provisions  of  section  sixty-two 
H.       [paragraphs  297  to  303]  of  this  act. 

Note:  See  note  following   paragraph   133. 

**Sec.  13.     Rooms,  size  of  in  dwellings ;  In  every  dwelling 

140  hereafter  erected,  every  room  used  for  living  or  sleeping  pur- 
D.       poses  shall  contain  at  least  ninety  square  feet  of  superficial 

floor  area. 

Note:  Every  sleeping  room  must  contain  at  least  90  square  feet  of 
floor  area.  Every  sleeping  room  must  contain  at  least  60  square  feet 
of  floor  area  for  each  adult  person  over  12  years  of  age^  and  at  least  30 
square  feet  of  floor  area  for  each  person  under  12  years  of  age,  sleeping 
therein. 

Every  such  room  shall  at  every  point  be  not  less  than  seven 

141  feet  in  width,  nor  less  than  eight  feet  in  height  measured  from 
D.       the  finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceiling ;  except  that  attic  rooms 

and  rooms  where  sloping  ceilings  occur  need  be  eight  feet  in 
height  in  but  one-half  the  area  of  the  room. 

Every  water-closet  compartment  shall  be  not  less  than  thirty- 

142  six  inches  in  width  and  every  such  compartment  and  bath  or 
D.       shower  compartment  shall  have  a  height  of  not  less  than  seven 

feet  six  inches  measured  from  the  finished  floor  to  the  finished 
ceiling. 
Sec.  30.    Windows  required  in  tenement  houses :  In  every 

143  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  every  room,  kitchen,   and 
T.       every  water-closet  compartment,  toilet  or  shower  room,  and 

bath  or  slop-sink  room,  (except  in  the  cellar)  shall  have  at 
least  one  window  of  the  area  hereinafter  required  opening 
directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon  a  yard  or  court,  of  the  dimen- 
sions specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the  same  lot. 

All  windows  required  by  this  act  shall  be  located  so  as  to 

144  properly  light  all  portions  of  the  rooms,  and  shall  be  made  so 
T.       as  to  open  in  all  parts  and  so  arranged  that  at  least  one-half 

of  each  such  window  may  be  opened  unobstructed;  provided. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  33 


Paragraph 
number. 


however,  that  the  windows  required  by  this  section  in  a  water- 
closet  compartment,  toilet  or  shower  room,  and  bath  or  slop- 
sink  room,  may  open  directly  into  a  vent  .shaft,  such  vent  shaft 
to  be  of  the  minimum  size  and  constructed  of  the  materials  and 
in  the  manner  prescribed  by  section  sixty-one  [paragraphs 
278  to  283]  of  this  act;  provided,  further,  that  windows 
required  to  open  onto  a  street,  yard,  or  an  outer  court,  except 
windows  from  kitchens,  may  open  through  porches,  provided 
that  said  porches  do  not  exceed  seven  feet  in  depth  measured 
at  right  angles  to  the  windows  and  that  at  least  seventy-five 
per  cent  of  the  entire  side  of  the  porch,  bounded  by  the  street, 
yard,  or  outer  court,  is  left  open  except  that  the  open  space 
may  be  enclosed  with  mosquito  screens. 

Note:  The  lighting  and  ventilating  of  rooms  through  porches  should 
be  discouraged.  However,  when  porches  are  used  in  the  manner  per- 
mitted by  paragraph  144  the  outer  side  of  the  porch  should  have  the 
highest    possible   ceiling    height. 

*Sec.  27.     Windows  required  in  hotels :  In  every  hotel  here- 

145  after  erected,  every  guest  room,  dormitory,  kitchen,  scullery, 
H.       pantry  or  other  room  in  which  food  is  stored  or  prepared,  public 

dining  room,  laundry,  barber  shop,  Turkish  baths,  general 
amusement,  entertainment  or  reception  room,  water-closet  or 
shower  compartment,  bath,  toilet  or  slop-sink  room  and  general 
utility  room  shall  have  at  least  one  window,  of  the  area  herein- 
after required,  opening  directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon  a  yard 
or  court  of  the  dimensions  specified  in  this  act  and  located  on 
the  same  lot. 

All  windows  required  by  this  act  shall  be  located  so  as  to 

146  properly  light  all  portions  of  the  room  and  shall  be  made  so  as 
H.       to  open  in  all  parts  and  be  so  arranged  that  at  least  one-half 

of  the  window  may  be  opened  unobstructed. 

The  windows  required  by  this  section  in  a  water-closet  or 

147  shower  compartment,  bath,  toilet  or  slop-sink  room  may  open 
H.       directly  into  a  vent  shaft  in  lieu  of  a  street,  yard  or  court. 

Such  vent  shaft  to  be  not  less  than  of  the  minimum  size,  and 
constructed  of  the  materials  and  in  the  manner  prescribed 
by  section  fifty-seven  [paragraphs  278  to  283]  of  this  act, 
or  such  rooms  or  compartments,  in  lieu  of  being  provided  with 
windows  may  be  ventilated  by  an  exhaust  system  of  ventilation 
installed,  constructed  and  maintained  as  prescribed  by  section 
sixty-one  [paragraphs  293  to  296]  hereof. 

The  windows  required  by  this  section  to  open  onto  a  street, 

148  yard,  or  an  outer  court,  except  windows  from  kitchens,  may 
H.       open  through  porches,  provided  that  said  porches  do  not  exceed 

seven  feet  in  depth,  measured  at  right  angles  to  the  windows 
and  that  at  least  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  entire  side  of 
the  porch,  bounded  by  the  street,  yard,  or  outer  court,  is  left 
open  except  that  the  open  space  may  be  enclosed  with  inosquito 
screens. 

Note:   See   note   following    paragraph    144. 


3—46714 


34  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL, 


ParaRrapIi 
number. 


Kitcliens,  sculleries,  pantries  or  other  rooms  used  for  eook- 

149  iug,  storing  or  preparing  of  food,  public  dining  rooms,  laun- 
H.       dries,    barber  shops,    Turkish   baths,    general    amusement   or 

reception  rooms  and  general  utility  rooms,  in  lieu  of  windows 
may  be  ventilated  by  an  exhaust  system  of  ventilation  installed, 
constructed  and  maintained  as  prescribed  by  section  sixty-one 
[paragraphs  293  to  296]  hereof. 
**Sec.  14.     Window^s  required  in  dwellings :  In  every  dwell- 

150  ing  hereafter  erected,  every  room  used  for  living  or  sleeping 
D.       purposes  and  every  kitchen,  water-closet  compartment,  shower 

or  bathroom,  shall  have  at  least  one  window,  of  the  area  fixed  by 
this  act,  opening  directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon  unoccupied 
area  not  less  than  four  feet  in  its  least  dimension  and  contain- 
ing an  area  of  not  less  than  thirty-six  square  feet,  and  located 
on  the  same  lot. 

151  A  cornice  may  extend  into  the  unoccupied  area  two  inches 
D.       for  each  one  foot  in  width  of  such  unoccupied  area. 

Windows  herein  required  shall  be  located  so  as  properly  to 

152  light  all  portions  of  the  room,  and  shall  be  made  so  as  to  open 
D.       in  all  parts  and  so  arranged  that  at  least  one-half  of  the  window 

may  be  opened  unobstructed;  provided,  however,  that  the 
windows  required  by  this  section  in  a  water-closet  compartment 
or  bath  or  shower  room  may  be  opened  directly  into  a  vent 
shaft,  such  vent  shaft  to  be  in  no  dimension  less  than  eighteen 
inches ;  provided,  further,  that  windows  required  to  open  onto 
a  street  or  onto  unoccupied  area  may  open  through  porches, 
provided  that  the  said  porches  do  not  exceed  seven  feet  in  depth, 
measured  at  right  angles  to  the  windows  and  that  at  least 
seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  entire  side  of  the  porch,  bounded  by 
the  street  or  unoccupied  area  is  left  open,  except  that  the  open 
space  may  be  enclosed  with  mosquito  screens. 

Note:  Dwellings  are  not  required  to  have  yards,  courts,  etc.,  though 
the  rooms  must  have  windows  which  open  onto  a  street,  or  upon 
unoccupied  area  on  the  lot.     See  note  following  paragraph   144. 

Sec.  31.     Windows,  sizes  of  in  rooms — tenement  houses: 

153  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  the  total  window 
T.       area  in  each  room  except  in  a  w^ater-closet  compartment,  bath, 

toilet,  slop-sink  room  or  shower  room  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth 
of  the  superficial  floor  area  of  the  room. 

154  The  aggregate  window  area  in  each  room  shall  be  not  less 
T.       than  twelve  square  feet,  and  no  single  window  shall  be  less  than 

six  square  feet  in  area. 

155  All  measurements  for  window  area  shall  be  taken  to  outside 
T.       of  sash. 

*Sec.  28.     Windows,  sizes  of  in  rooms — hotels:  In  every 

156  hotel  hereafter  erected,  the  total  window  area  in  each  guest 
H.       room,  kitchen,  scullery,  pantry  or  other  room  in  which  food  is 

stored  or  prepared,  laundry,  barber  shop,  Turkish  bath,  or 
general  utility  room,  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth  of  the  super- 
ficial floor  area  of  the  room. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  35 


Paragraph 
number. 


157  The  aggregate  window  area  iii  each  room  shall  be  not  less 
H.       than  twelve  square  feet  and  no  single  window  shall  be  less 

than  six  square  feet  in  area. 

158  All  measurements  for  window  area  shall  be  taken  to  the  out- 
H,       side  of  the  sash. 

The  window  area  required  for  dormitories,  entertainment, 

159  amusement,  reception  or  dining  rooms  shall  be  as  hereinafter 
H.       provided,     [paragraphs  171,  172,  300.] 

160  **Sec.  15.     Windows,    sizes   of   in   rooms — dwellings:  In 
D.       every  dwelling  hereafter  erected  the  total  wnndow  area  in 

each  room  used  for  living  or  sleeping  purposes  shall  be  at 
least  one-eighth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of  the  room. 

161  All  measurements  for  window  area  shall  be  taken  to  outside 
D.       of  sash. 

Sec.  32.    Windows,  sizes  of  in  water-closets,  bath,  toilet 

162  rooms — tenement  houses  and  hotels :  In  every  tenement  house 
T.-H.  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  each  window  in  a  water-closet  com- 
partment or  bath,  toilet  or  slop-sink  room,  or  shower  room,  shall 
be  not  less  than  three  square  feet  in  area.  The  aggregate  area 
of  windows  for  each  such  compartment  or  room  shall  be  not  less 
than  six  square  feet.  In  each  such  compartment  or  room 
containing  more  than  one  water-closet,  bath,  urinal,  or  slop- 
sink,  the  aggregate  window  area  shall  be  equivalent  to  three 
square  feet  for  each  w^ater-closet,  bath,  urinal  or  slop-sink 
therein,  except  that  at  no  time  need  the  aggregate  window  area 
exceed  one-fourth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of  such  compart- 
ment or  room. 

**Sec.  16.    Windows,  sizes  of  in  water-closets  and  bath- 

163  rooms — dwellings:  In  every  dwelling  hereafter  erected,  the 
D.       window  area  in  a  water-closet  compartment  or  bathroom  shall 

be  not  less  than  three  square  feet. 
Sec.  33.    Windows,   sizes  of  in  amusement  rooms — tene- 

164  ment  houses:  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected,  the 
T.  total  window  area  in  each  room  used  for  the  purpose  of  amuse- 
ment, entertainment  or  as  a  reception  room,  or  any  room  used 
for  similar  purposes,  which  room  has  a  superficial  floor  area 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  eighty  square  feet,  shall  be  at  least 
one-eighth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of  such  room. 

Every  such  room  which  has  a  superficial  floor  area  exceeding 

165  one  hundred  eighty  square  feet  shall  have  an  aggregate  window 
T,       area  not  less  than  that  required  for  a  room  of  one  hundred 

eighty  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area. 

Amusement,   entertainment  or  reception   rooms  and  rooms 

166  used  for  similar  purposes,  in  lieu  of  being  provided  with  win- 
T.       dows,  as  in  this  section  proscribed,  may  be  provided  with  a  fan 

exhaust  system  of  ventilation.  Such  fan  exhaust  system  of 
ventilation  shall  consist  of  independent  inlet  ducts,  extending 
from  the  outer  air  to  each  such  room  and  exhaust  ducts  extend- 
ing from  ^ach  such  room  to  the  outer  air  above  the  highest 
roof  of  the  building. 


36  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


Paragraph 
aumber. 


All  of  the  inlet  ducts  and  exhaust  ducts  shall  be  constructed 

167  of   galvanized   iron    or   other   smooth-surfaced,   nonabsorbent 
T.       material  and  so  arranged  that  they  may  be  readily  cleaned  out. 

The  exhaust  ducts  shall  always  be  connected  to  an  exhaust 

168  fan  mechanically  operated,   so  designed  and  operated  as  to 
T.       provide  a  complete  change  of  air  in  not  to  exceed  fifteen  min- 
utes for  each  such  room. 

Any  person  in  charge  of  a  building  in  which  a  system  of 

169  fan  exhaust  ventilation,  as  in  this  section  is  required,  who  fails, 
T.       neglects  or  refuses  to  operate  and  maintain  the  said  system 

of  ventilation  in  good  order  and  repair  so  that  the  ventilation 
(complete  change  of  air)  herein  specified  is  provided  in  each 
such  room  at  all  times,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor 
and  subject  to  all  of  the  penalties  fixed  by  this  act. 

Every  amusement,  entertainment  or  reception  room,  or  any 

170  room  used  for  similar  purposes,  shall  have  a  minimum  height 
T.       between  the  finished  floor  and  the  finished  ceiling  of  not  less 

than  nine  feet.  No  such  room  or  part  thereof  shall  be  used  for 
living  or  sleeping  apartments,  except  that  said  room  or  part 
thereof  complies  with  all  of  the  other  provisions  of  this  act,  for 
living  and  sleeping  apartments. 

*Sec.  30.    Windows,   sizes   of  in  amusement   and  dining 

171  rooms — hotels:  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected  the  total 
H.  window  area  in  each  room  used  for  the  purpose  of  entertain- 
ment, amusement,  reception  or  dining  room,  which  room  has  a 
superficial  floor  area  not  exceeding  one  hundred  eighty  square 
feet,  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of 
such  room. 

Every  such  room  which  has  a  superficial  floor  area  exceed- 

172  ing  one  hundred  eighty  square  feet  shall  have  an  aggregate 
H.       window  area  not  less  than  that  required  for  a  room  pf  one 

hundred  eighty  square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area. 

Every  such  entertainment,  amusement,  reception  or  dining 

173  room  shall  have  a  minimum  height  between  the  finished  floor 
H.       and  the  finished  ceiling  of  not  less  than  nine  feet.     No  such 

room  or  part  thereof  shall  be  used  for  sleeping  purposes,  except 
that  said  room  or  part  thereof  complies  with  all  of  the  other 
provisions  of  this  act  for  guest  rooms. 
Sec.  34.    Window^s,  skylights  in  public  hallways :  In  every 

174  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected,  every  public  hall- 
T.-H.    way  on  any  floor  where  there  are  more  than  three  apartments 

[or  more  than  5  guest  rooms  in  a  hotel]  shall  have  at  least  one 
window  opening  directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon  a  yard  or  a 
court  of  the  dimensions  specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the 
same  lot ;  such  windows  shall  be  at  the  end  of  the  public  hall- 
way and  placed  so  as  to  secure  the  maximum  light  into  the 
hailway;  provided,  however,  that  in  tenement  houses  [or 
hotels]  not  exceeding  two  stories  in  height,  the  public  hallway 
may,  in  lieu  of  such  windows,  be  lighted  and  ventilated  by  one 
or  more  skylights  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act. 


COMMISSION   OF  IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  37 


Paragraph 
number. 


Every  window  required  by  this  act  in  a  public  hallway  shall 

175  be  not  less  than  twenty-nine  inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less 
T.-H.    than  fifty-eight  inches  in  height,  and  the  finished  sill  of  same 

shall  not  be  more  than  thirty  inches  above  the  adjoining 
finished  floor.  Every  such  window  shall  be  made  so  as  to 
open  and  so  arranged  that  at  least  one-half  of  the  window  may 
be  opened  unobstructed. 

Every  skylight  provided  for  in  this  section  shall  have  an 

176  effective  horizontal  area  of  glass  of  not  less  than  fifteen  square 
T.-H.    feet,   and  shall  have   ridge   ventilators   or   fixed   or   movable 

louvres  so  as  to  provide  a  ventilating  area  of  not  less  than  five 
hundred  square  inches.  Such  skylights  shall  be  so  located 
that  no  portion  of  the  hallway  be  distant  more  than  twenty 
feet  (measured  from  a  vertical  line)  from  a  skylight  opening. 
Any  part  of  a  public  hallway  which  is  offset,  recessed,  or 

177  cut  off  from  anj'  other  part  of  a  hallway  where  such  offset  or 
T.-H.    recess  is  more  in  length  than  one  and  one-half  times  the  width 

of  the  public  hallway  from  which  it  .offsets  or  recesses,  shall  be 
deemed  a  separate  public  hallwa}'-  within  the  meaning  of  this 
section. 

French  windows  or  doors,  if  arranged  to  open  and  glazed 

178  to  give  the  areas  of  opening  and  glass  required  by  this  act 
T.-H.    for  windows  in  public  hallways,  may  be  used  in  lieu  of  windows 

therein. 

Sec.  35.     Skylights  over  stairways — stair  v^^ells:  In  every 

179  tenement  house  [or  Iwtel]  two  or  more  stories  in  height  here- 
T.-H.    after  erected,  where  there  are  more  than  three  apartments  [or 

more  than  5  guest  rooms  in  a  liotel]  on  any  one  floor,  there 
shall  be  provided  at  the  roof  over  each  stairway  a  ventilating 
skylight,  placed  directly  as  practicable  over  same,  having  a 
minimum  effective  horizontal  area  of  glass  at  least  twenty 
square  feet  in  area  for  buildings  two  stories  in  height,  and  the 
area  of  glass  in  such  sin-light  shall  be  increased  at  a  ratio  of 
six  square  feet  for  each  additional  story  in  height.  In  every 
such  skylight  the  ventilating  area  shall  be  not  less  than  five 
hundred  scjuare  inches. 

Every  such  skylight  and  the  ventilating  openings  and  the 

180  shutters  and  the  closing  and  opening  devices  for  the  ventilating 
T.-H,    openings  shall  be  made  of  approved  incombustible  materials 

and  so  arranged  that  the  entire  ventilating  area  may  be  readily 
opened  from  at  least  the  topmost  and  first  story  levels,  except 
that  in  tenement  houses  [or  hotels]  not  exceeding  four  stories 
in  height  the  ventilators  may  be  arranged  so  as  to  open  from 
at  least  the  first  story,  or  tlie  ventilators  maj^  be  fixed  perma- 
nenth^  in  an  open  position. 

Skylights  as  in  this  section  prescribed  may  be  omitted  in 

181  case  that  windows  are  provided  of  the  size  fixed  by  section 
T.-H.    thirty-four  [paragraph  175]  hereof  and  located  adjoining  the 

stairways,  and  that  each  Avindow  adjoining  the  stairway  be 
provided    with    an    open    louvre    or    ventilator    providing    a 


38  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 


Paragraph 
number. 


ventilating  area  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  square  inchas  or 
such  louvre  or  ventilator  may  be  placed  in  the  roof  over  the 
stairway,  in  which  event  the  ventilating  area  shall  be  not  less 
than  five  hundred  square  inches. 

Whenever  a  skylight  is  required  a.s  in  this  section  provided 

182  there  shall  be  constructed  a  stair  well,  the  clear  open  area  of 
T.-H.    which  shall  be  at  each  floor  equal  to  one-third  of  the  area  of 

glass  in  the  skylight. 

Sec.  36.     Privacy:    In    every    tenement    house    hereafter 

183  erected,  every  apartment  shall  be  so  arranged  that  access  may 
T.       be  had  to  every  living  room,  and  to  at  least  one  water-closet 

compartment,  without  passing  through  a  bedroom;  provided, 
however,  that  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  so  construed  as 
to  prohibit  passing  through  a  bedroom  in  going  from  a  kitchen 
to  a  bathroom  or  water-closet  compartment. 
Note:  See  illustration  on  page  73. 

Sec.  37.    Water-closets  required  in  tenement  houses:  In 

184  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  there  shall  be  installed 
T.       one  water-closet  within  each  apartment  located  in  a  separate 

compartment  or  located  in  a  compartment  with  a  bathtub, 
shower  or  lavatory,  used  exclusivel}"  by  the  occupants  of  the 
apartment. 

No  door  or  other  opening  to  a  water-closet  compartment  shall 

185  open  from  or  into  any  room  in  which  food  is  prepared  or  stored. 
T.       The  walls  enclosing  a  water-closet  compartment  shall  be  well 

plastered  or  constructed  of  some  nonabsorbent  material,  except 
that  the  ordinary  wood  trim  of  openings  may  be  used  in  such 
compartment.  Every  such  compartment  shall  be  provided 
and  equipped  with  a  full  door,  properly  hung,  and  provided 
with  a  lock  or  bolt  to  lock  same. 

The  floor  of  every  such  water-closet  compartment  shall  be 

186  made  waterproof  with  asphalt,  tile,  marble,  terrazzo,  cement, 
T.       or  some  other  similar  nonabsorbent  material,  and  such  water- 
proofing shall  extend  not  less  than  six  inches  on  the  vertical 
walls  of  the  room.     No  water-closet  fixture  shall  be  enclosed 
with  w^oodwork. 

*Sec.  33.    Water-closets  required  in  hotels :  In  every  hotel 

187  hereafter  erected  there  shall  be  installed  not  less  than  one 
H.       water-closet  in  a  separate  compartment,  located  on  the  public 

hallway,  for  each  sex  on  such  floor.  One  of  such  water-closets 
shall  be  distinctly  marked  ''for  men,"  and  one  of  the  water- 
closets  distinctly  marked  "for  women;"  and  there  shall  be 
installed  not  less  than  one  water-closet  in  a  separate  compart- 
ment, located  on  the  public  hallway,  for  every  ten  guest  rooms, 
or  fractional  part  thereof,  on  such  floor,  which  are  not  provided 
with  private  water-closets.  Each  of  the  said  water-closets  shall 
be  accessible  from  each  of  the  guest  rooms  through  the  public 
hallway,  and  not  more  than  one  hundred  feet  distant  from  the 
entrance  door  of  each  of  the  guest  rooms  the  said  water-closet 
proposes  to  serve. 


COMMISSION   OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  39 


FaraRiarh 
number. 


In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected  there  shall  be  installed  not 

188  less  than  one  water-eloset  for  every  twenty  employees  of  each 
H.      sex  in  said  building. 

No  door  or  other  opening  in  a  water-closet  or  urinal  com- 

189  partment  shall  open  from  or  into  any  room  in  which  food 
H.       is  prepared  or  stored. 

The   walls   enclosing   a    water-closet   compartment  shall   be 

190  well  plastered,  or  constructed  of  some  nonabsorbent  material, 
H.       except  that  the  ordinary  wood  trim  for  openings  may  be  used 

in  such  a  compartment.  Every  water-closet  compartment  shall 
be  provided  and  equipped  with  a  full  door,  properly  hung,  and 
provided  with  a  lock  or  bolt  to  lock  same. 

The  floor  of  every  water-closet  compartment  hereafter  con- 

191  structed  shall  be  made  waterproof  with  asphalt,  tile,  marble, 
H.      terrazzo,  cement  or  some  other  similar  nonabsorbent  material, 

and  such  waterproofing  shall  extend  not  less  than  six  inches 
on  the  vertical  walls  of  the  compartment. 

**Sec.  17.    Water-closets  required  for  dwellings:   Every 

192  dwelling  hereafter  erected  shall  be  provided  with  one  water- 
D.        closet  for  each  family  living  therein. 

Note:  In  a  dwelling  where  there  are  no  families  living  there  should 
be  provided  not  less  than  ore  water-closet  for  each  sex,  and  not  less 
than  one  water-closet  for  each  10  persons  of  each  sex.  Water-closet 
compartments  for  the  opposite  sexes  should  be  as  far  apart  from  each 
other  as  possible.  Water-closet  compartments  should  be  distinctly 
marked  "For  Men"  or  "For  Women,"   as  the  case   may   be. 

Sec.  38.    Water-closets    required    in    existing    tenement 

193  houses:  In  every  tenement  house  erected  prior  to  the  passage 
T.       of  this  act  there  shall  be  provided  at  least  one  water-closet  in  a 

separate  compartment,  located  on  the  public  hallway  of  the 
same  floor,  for  every  three  apartments  or  fractional  part 
thereof  on  such  floor  which  are  not  provided  with  private 
water-closets.  Where  two  or  more  water-closets  are  required 
by  the  provisions  of  this  section  to  be  located  on  a  public  hall- 
way, one  of  such  water-closets  shall  be  distinctly  marked  "for 
men,"  and  one  of  the  water-closets  distinctly  marked  "for 
women." 

Note:  See   paragraph   195. 

*Sec.  34.     Water-closets  required  in  existing  hotels:    In 

194  every  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  there  shall 
H.  be  installed  not  less  than  one  water-closet  in  a  separate  com- 
partment, located  on  the  public  hallway  for  each  sex ;  one  of 
such  water-closets  shall  be  distinctly  marked  "for  men,"  and 
one  of  the  water-closets  shall  be  distinctly  marked  "for 
women;"  and  there  shall  be  installed  not  less  than  one  water- 
closet  in  a  separate  compartment,  located  on  the  public  hall- 
way, for  every  twelve  guest  rooms,  or  fractional  part  thereof, 
on  such  floor,  which  are  not  provided  with  water-closets. 

Note:  See  paragraph  195. 

Provided,   however,   that  the  housing  department  charged 

195  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  may  exempt  any  '-mement 
T.-H.    house  [or  hotel]  existing  at  the  time  of  the  passage  '     -.his  act 


40  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 

number. 

from  fully  complyinisf  with  the  provisions  of  this  para^aph 
[paragraphs  193-194]  when,  in  its  discretion,  such  deviation 
will  not  be  detrimental  to  the  health  of  the  occupants  thereof 
or  to  the  sanitation  of  the  said  tenement  house  [hotel]  or 
premises. 

Nothing  in  this  section  [paragraph  195]  shall  be  construed 

196  as  permitting  such  exemptions  to  apply  to  any  addition  or 
T.-H.    extension  to  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel]. 

Every  water-closet  hereafter  placed  in  a  tenement  house  [or 

197  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  shall  comply  with 
T.-H.    every  provision  of  this  act  relative  to  water-closets  installed  in 

tenement  houses  [or  hotels]  hereafter  erected,  except  that  if  a 
water-closet  is  installed  in  the  top  story  of  any  such  building, 
the  compartment  in  which  it  is  installed  may  be  ventilated  by 
a  skylight  with  fixed  louvres  in  lieu  of  a  window;  provided, 
however,  that  a  new  water-closet  may  be  installed  to  replace  a 
defective  or  antiquated  fixture  in  the  same  location. 

198  *No  door  or  other  opening  in  a  water-closet,  privy,  or  urinal 
H.      compartment  shall  open  from  or  into  a  room  in  which  food  is 

prepared  or  stored. 

Every  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage 

199  of  this  act,  or  hereafter  erected,  w^here  a  connection  with  the 
T.-H.    sewer  is  possible,  shall  discontinue  the  use  of  any  school  sink, 

privy  vault  or  any  similar  receptacle  used  to  receive  fecal 
matter,  urine  or  sewage,  and  every  such  receptacle  shall  be 
completely  removed  and  the  place  where  it  was  located  be 
properly  disinfected.  All  such  receptacles  shall  be  replaced 
by  individual  water-closets  of  durable  nonabsorbent  material, 
properly  connected,  trapped,  vented  and  provided  with  flush 
tanks,  the  same  as  is  required,  by  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in 
tenement  houses  [and  hotels]  hereafter  erected. 
Sec.  39.    Bathtubs,  sinks,  other  plumbing  fixtures  required 

200  in  tenement  houses:  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter 
T.  erected  there  shall  be  a  bathtub  or  shower  ^yithin  each  apart- 
ment, and  such  bathtub  or  shower  shall  be  located  in  a  separate 
compartment,  or  there  may  be  provided  one  such  bathtub  or 
shower  in  a  separate  compartment  for  every  three  such  apart- 
ments which  are  not  provided  with  private  baths  or  .showers; 
provided,  that  said  bathtub  or  shower  is  on  the  same  floor  and  is 
accessible  from  each  apartment  through  the  public  hallway. 

201  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  there  shall  be  at 
T.       least  one  kitchen  sink  within  each  apartment. 

The  walls,  floors  and  openings  to  every  bath,  shower  or  slop- 

202  sink  room  hereafter  constructed  shall  conform  to  all  of  the 
T.       provisions  of  this  act  relative  to  the  waterproofing  of  the  walls 

and  floors,  and  of  the  construction  of  the  doors  of  water-closet 
compartments  in  tenement  houses  hereafter  erected. 

*Sec.  35.     Bathtubs,  slop  sinks,  other  plumbing  fixtures 

203  required  in  hotels:   In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected  there 
H.       shall  be  installed  not  less  than  one  bath  tub  or  shower,  in  a 

separate  compartment,  located  on  the  public  hallway,  for  every 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  41 


Paragraph 
number. 


ten  guest  rooms,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  not  provided  with 
private  baths;  provided,  that  the  said  hath  tub  or  shower  is 
on  the  same  floor  and  is  accessible  from  each  gue.st  room 
through  the  public  hallway.  There  shall  also  be  installed  not 
less  than  one  slop  sink  on  each  floor. 

The  walls  and  floors  to  every  bath,  shower  or  slop-sink  room 

204  hereafter    constructed   shall   be   waterproofed    and    shall   be 
H.       provided  with  doors  in  the  same  manner  as  required  for  the 

construction  of  water-closet  compartments  in  hotels  hereafter 
erected. 
Sec.  40.    Bathtubs,  sinks,  other  plumbing  fixtures  required 

205  in  existing  buildings:  In  every  tenement  house  erected  prior 
T.       to  the  passage  of  this  act  there  shall  be  provided  at  least  one 

bathtub  or  shower  in  a  separate  compartment,  located  on  the 
same  floor,  for  every  flve  apartm.ents.  or  fractional  part  thereof, 
which  are  not  provided  with  private  baths  or  showers,  on  each 
such  floor,  and  there  sliall  be  provided  at  least  one  kitchen  sink 
in  each  apartment; 

Note:  See  paragraph  208. 

*Sec.  36.     In  every  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of 

206  this  act  there  shall  be  installed  not  less  than  one  bath  tub  or 
H.  shower,  in  a  separate  compartment,  located  in  the  public  hall- 
way, for  every  twenty  guest  rooms,  or  fractional  part  thereof, 
which  are  not  provided  with  private  baths ;  provided,  that  the 
said  bath  tub  or  shower  is  located  on  the  same  floor  and  is 
acc&ssible  from  each  guest  room  through  the  public  hallway. 

207  There  shall  also  be  installed  not  less  than  one  slop-sink  on 
H.        each  floor; 

Note:   See   paragraph  208. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  [housing]  department  charged 

208  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  may  exempt  any  tenement 
T.-H.    house  [or  hotel]  existing  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act 

from  fully  complying  with  the  provisions  of  this  section  [para- 
graphs 205-206-207]  when,  in  its  discretion,  such  deviation 
will  not  be  detrimental  to  the  health  of  the  occupants  thereof 
or  to  the  sanitation  of  the  said  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or 
premises ;  provided,  further,  that  no  such  exemption  shall  apply 
to  any  addition  or  extension  to  a  tenement  house  [or  hotel]. 
Sec.  41.    Water    and    sewerage    requirements:    In    every 

209  tenement  house    [hotel  or  divdliuri]    hereafter  erected  every 
T.-H.-D.  plumbing  fixture  .shall  be  provided  with  running  water,  and 

[in  every  tenement  house  or  hotel]  there  shall  be  provided 
faucets,  with  running  water,  sufficient  in  number  so  that  all 
of  the  yards,  courts  and  passageways  may  be  washed.  Faucets 
shall  be  of  the  hose  ln1)b  type,  not  los.s  tlian  three-quarter  inch 
size. 

Every  plumbing  fixture  aifecting  the  sanitary  drainage  sys- 

210  tem  in  tenement  houses  [hotels  or  clirellings]  hereafter  erected, 
T  _H -D.  shall  be  properly  connected  with  the  street  sewer,  if  a  street 

sewer  exists  in  the  street  abutting  the  lot  on  which  the  building 


42  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


Paragraiih 
nuQiber. 


is  located  and  is  ready  to  receive  conneetions.  AVhen  it  is 
impractioable  to  connect  such  plumbing  fixtures  with  a  street 
sewer,  then  the  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  connected  and 
drained  into  a  cesspool  constructed  satisfactorily  to  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act ;  or  some  other 
means  of  sewage  disposal  satisfactory  to  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  ma}''  be  made  until 
such  time  as  it  may  become  practicable  and  possible  to  connect 
with  the  street  sewer. 
Sec.  42.    Water  facilities  required  in  existing  buildings: 

211  In  every  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage 
T.-H.     of  this   act,   every   plumbing  fixture   shall  be   provided  wdth 

running  water,  and  there  shall  be  provided  faucets,  with  run- 
ning water,  sufficient  in  number  so  that  all  of  the  yards,  courts 
and  passageways  may  be  washed.    Faucets  shall  be  of  the  hose 
bibb  type,  not  less  than  three-quarter  inch  size. 
Sec.  43.    When  water-closets,   bathtubs,   other  plumbing 

212  fixtures,  need  not  be  installed:  Water-closets,  baths,  showers, 
T.-H.-D.  sinks,  slop-sinks,  faucets  and  other  plumbing  fixtures  required 

by  this  act  need  not  be  installed  in  the  event  that  the  tenement 
house  [hotel  or  divelling]  hereafter  erected  or  an  existing 
tenement  house,  [hotel  or  dwelling]  as  the  case  may  be,  is 
situated  where  there  is  no  running  water  and  where  there 
is  no  practical  means  of  sewage  disposal,  until  such  time  as  it 
becomes  practicable  and  possible  to  obtain  running  water  and 
means  of  sewage  disposal ;  pro^^ded,  in  every  such  case  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall 
decide  whether  or  not  it  is  practicable  and  possible  to  provide 
running  water  and  proper  means  of  sewage  disposal.  A 
special  permit  in  writing  shall  be  obtained  in  every  such  case 
[tenement  house  or  hotel]  from  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act,  which  permit  shall  be  made  in 
duplicate,  and  a  copy  thereof  shall  remain  on  file  in  the 
department  issuing  it ;  provided,  further,  that  proper  separate 
toilet  facilities  for  each  sex  shall  be  provided  for  the  use  of  the 
occupants  of  such  building.  Such  facilities  shall  be  made 
sanitary.  A  privy,  or  toilet  other  than  a  water-closet,  erected 
under  the  authority  of  this  section  shall  consist  of  a  pit  at  least 
three  feet  deep,  with  suitable  shelter  over  the  same  to  afford 
privacy,  and  protection  from  the  elements.  The  openings  of 
the  shelter  ancl  pit  shall  be  enclosed  by  mosquito  screening,  and 
the  door  to  the  shelter  shall  be  made  to  close  automatically  by 
means  of  a  spring  or  other  device.  No  privy  pit  shall  be 
allowed  to  become  filled  with  excreta  to  nearer  than  one  foot 
from  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  the  excreta  in  the  pit  shall 
be  covered  with  earth,  ashes,  lime  or  similar  substances  at 
regular  intervals.  All  drainage  water  [m  the  case  of  a  tene- 
ment house  or  hotel]  shall  be  conveyed  from  the  premises  by 
means  of  a  covered  drain  to  a  covered  cesspool. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  43 


Paragraph 
number. 


Sec.  44.     Plumbing   connections   and  sanitation   in   tene- 

213  ment  houses  and  hotels:  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter 
T.-H.    erected    [and  in  every  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of 

this  act]  all  plumbing  fixtures  affecting  the  sanitary  drainage 
system  shall  be  properly  trapped  and  vented  and  made  sani- 
tary in  every  particular.  In  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel] 
hereafter  erected,  and  in  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  erected 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  no  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be 
enclosed  with  woodwork,  but  the  space  under  and  around  same 
must  be  left  entirely  open.  All  woodwork  enclosing  a  water- 
closet,  sink,  slop-sink,  wash  tray  or  lavatory  shall  be  removed 
and  the  floor  and  wall  surface  beneath  and  around  such  water- 
closet,  sink,  slop-sink,  wash  tray  or  lavatory  shall  be  maintained 
in  good  repair,  and  if  of  wood,  well  painted  with  a  light  colored 
paint  of  sufficient  body  to  make  it  nonabsorbent.  All  wooden 
seats,  attached  to  water-closet  bowls,  shall  be  varnished  or 
enameled,  or  bj^  some  other  method  be  made  nonabsorbent. 
In  everj^  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  water- 

214  closets  shall  have  earthenware  bowls  and  shall  have  earthen- 
T.-H.     ware  seats  integral  with  the  bowls,  or  wooden  seats  varnished 

or  enameled  so  as  to  be  nonabsorbent,  or  seats  made  of  some 
nonabsorbent  material  attached  directly  to  the  bowls.  No 
wooden  wash  trays  or  wooden  kitchen  sinks  shall  be  permitted 
in  such  buildings.  All  plumbing  connections  hereafter  made 
in  [tenement  houses  and  hotels]  buildings  shall  be  of  .standard 
lead,  iron,  steel  or  brass ;  and  every  gas  and  water  service 
connection  hereafter  made  shall  be  of  steel  or  iron,  and  shall 
be  equipped  with  cut-off  valves  placed  outside  of  the  building 
and  .such  cut-off  valves  shall  be  readily  accessible. 
Whenever    any   plumbing   fixture    becomes    insanitary   the 

215  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  is  hereby 
T.-H.     empowered  to  order  the  same  removed  and  to  order  that  it  be 

replaced  by  a  fixture  conforming  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
**Sec,  20.    Plumbing  connections  and  sanitation  in  dwell- 

216  ings:    In    every   dwelling   hereafter   erected,    and   in    every 
D.        dwelling  now  existing,  all  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  properly 

trapped  and  vented  and  all  such  plumbing  made  sanitary  in 
every  particular.  Water-closets  hereafter  installed  shall  have 
earthenware  bowls  and  shall  have  earthenware  seats,  or  seats 
made  of  some  nonabsorbent  material  integral  with  the  bowls, 
or  wooden  seats,  enameled  or  varnished  or  otherwise  made 
nonabsorbent.  attached  directly  to  the  bowls.  All  connections 
shall  be  of  standard  lead,  iron,  steel  or  brass. 

217  No  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  enclosed  Avith  woodwork,  but 
D        the  space  under  and  around  the  same  must  be  left  entirely 

open. 

Sec.  45.     Two  means  of  egTess  for  apartments,  and  guest 

218  rooms:   Every  tenement  house   hereafter   erected,   three   or 
T.-H.    more  stories  in  height  and  in  which  there  are  three  or  more 

apartments  on  any  one  floor,  [and  every  hotel  three  or  more 
stories  in  height  and  in  ivhich  there  are  more  than  5  guest 


44  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 

Parsitrnph 
number. 

rooms  on  any  one  floor]  .shall  be  so  designed  and  con.strueted 
that  every  apartment  in  .such  building  [or  every  guest  room  in 
a  hotel]  shall  have  not  less  than  two  means  of  egress,  either  by 
stairways  or  fire  escapes,  oonstrneted  in  accordance  with  the 
provision.s  of  this  act.  Such  means  of  egress  shall  be  accessible 
from  every  apartment,  [or  guest  room  in  a  hotel]  either  directly 
or  through  a  public  hallway,  and  so  located  that  .should  one 
egress  be  or  become  blocked,  the  other  egress  shall  be  available. 

Note:  See  illustration  on  page  72. 

Sec.  46.     Stairways  required:  Every  tenement  house  [and 

219  every  hotel  two  or  more  stories  in  height]  hereafter  erected  shall 
T.-H.    have  not  less  than  two  stairways. 

Every  fireproof  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected 

220  shall  have  not  less  than  one  stairway,  not  less  than  three  feet 
T.-H.    six  inches  wide,  for  each  six  thousand  square  feet,  or  fractional 

part  thereof,  of  floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above  the  first  floor 
thereof. 

Every  semifireproof   tenement  house    [or   hotel]    hereafter 

221  erected  shall  have  not  less  than  one  stairway,  not  less  than 
T.-H.    three  feet  six  inches  wide,  for  each  four  thousand  square  feet, 

or  fractional  part  thereof,  of  floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above 
the  first  floor  thereof. 

Every  wooden  tenement  house   [or  liotel]   hereafter  erected 

222  shall  have  not  less  than  one  stairway,  not  less  than  three  feet 
T.-H.    six  inches  wide,  for  each  three  thousand  square  feet,  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof,  of  floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above  the 
first  floor  thereof. 

Note:   Paragraphs  220,  221,  222  refer  to  hotels  of  two  or  more  stories 
in  height. 

223  Every  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  shall  have 
T.-H.    not  less  than  one  stairway  leading  from  the  outside  to  every 

basement  or  cellar  thereof. 

Sec.  47.     Stairways,  floor  area  in  relation  thereto:   The 

224  largest  floor  area  above  the  ground  floor  shall  be  used  as  the 
T.-H.    basis  for  computing  the  number  of  stairways  required  in  every 

tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected;  provided,  that  if 
all  floors  above  the  largest  floor  area  of  the  building  are 
diminished  in  area,  the  stairway  or  stairwaj^s  from  that  portion 
of  the  building  containing  a  smaller  area  may  be  computed  on 
the  basis  of  the  largest  floor  area  in  that  portion  of  the  building. 
Sec.  48.     Stairways,  location  of:  All  stairways  hereafter 

225  constructed  shall  be  located  so  as  to  furnish  the  best  means  of 
T.-H.    egress  from  the  building,  and  shall  be  as  far  removed  from 

each  other  as  practicable,  and  shall  be  as  follows: 

.  Note:   See  illustration   on   page  72. 

iVccess  to  stairways  shall  be  provided  at  every  floor  by  means 

226  of  a  public  hallway,  corridor,  or  passageway,  and  the  public 
T.-H.    hallway,  corridor,  passageway  and  stairway  from  the  ground 

exit  level  to  the  top  story  or  roof  shall  be  accessible  at  all  times. 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  45 


Ptragraph 
number. 


No  stairway  shall  abut  on  more  thau  one  side  of  an  elevator 

227  shaft,  except  on  the  lowest  and  topmost  stories,  provided  that 
T.-H.    the  stairway  is  so  located  that  it  can  be  approached  from  the 

street  entrance  without  passing  b}^  or  in  front  of  the  open  side 
of  the  said  elevator  shaft. 

No  stairway  shall  be  located  over  a  steam  boiler,  gas  meter 

228  or  gas  heater  or  furnace,  unless  such  boiler,  gas  meter,  gas 
T.-H.    heater,  or  furnace  be  located  in  a  room,  the  walls  and  ceiling 

of  which  are  constructed  as  reciuired  for  a  boiler  room  by 
section  sixtj^-three  [paragraphs  285  to  288]  of  this  act.  No 
stairway  leading  from  any  other  portion  of  the  building  shall 
terminate  in  or  pass  through  a  boiler  room. 

Sec.  49.     Stairways,   general  requirements:   Every   stair- 

229  way  hereafter  constructed  shall  be  as  follows ;  have  a  rise  of 
T.-H.    not  more  than  eight  inches  and  a  run  of  not  less  than  nine 

inches,  without  change  in  the  run  or  rise  between  floors ;  and 
shall  be  provided  with  head  room  of  not  less  than  six  feet  six 
inches  measured  from  the  nearest  nosing  of  the  stairway  to  the 
nearest  soffit. 

The  depth  of  every  landing  in  a  stairway  shall  be  not  less 

230  than  the  width  of  the  stairway,  and  all  treads  shall  be  of  equal 
T.-H.    width  for  every  run  of  stairs,  and  shall  not  vary  in  width  in 

the  width  of  the  stairs. 

Note:  Paragraph  230   prohibits  circular  or  winding  stairways. 

Stairways  required  hy  this  act  shall  be  continuous  from  the 

231  ground  floor  level  to  the  top  story,  i.  e.,  the  flights  of  such 
T.-H.    stairway's  shall  be  constructed  one  directly  above  the  other,  or 

shall  be  constructed  so  that  each  flight  shall  be  in  plain  view 
of  each  succeeding  flight ;  provided,  however,  that  half  of  the 
stairways  from  the  upper  floors  may  terminate  at  the  second 
floor,  in  the  event  that  the  stairways  from  the  first  to  the 
second  floor  be  increased  in  width  not  less  than  fifty  per  cent. 

232  Every  stairway  shall  have  at  least  one  handrail,  and  if  the 
T.-H.    stairway  be  five  feet  or  more  in  Avidth,  shall  have  a  handrail  on 

each  side  thereof. 

The  underside  and  soffits  of  wooden  stairways  and  the  out- 

233  side  stringers  of  open  stairways,  except  outside  stairways,  in 
T.-H.    semifireproof    and    wooden    tenement    houses    shall    be    metal 

lathed  and  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick 
including  the  lath,  or  lathed  with  an  approved  plaster  board 
and  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including 
the  plaster  board. 

234  The  width  of  stairways  shall  be  measured  in  the  clear  of  all 
T.-H.    projections  except  the  baseboards,  and  except  that  handrails 

and  newel  posts  may  project  not  more  than  four  inches. 
Sec.  50.     Closets  under  stairs:    No  closet  of  any  kind  shall 

235  be  constructed  in  any  tenement  house   [or  hotel]   under  any 
T.-H.    wooden  stairway,  but  such  space  shall  be  kept  entirely  open, 

and  be  kept  clean  and  free  from  all  encumbrances;  or  such 
space  shall  be  effectually  closed  with  walls  of  studs,  lathed  and 


46  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 


Faragraph 
number. 


plastei-ed,  with  no  door  or  opening  of  any  kind  therein ;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  provisions  of  this  section  as  to  a  closet 
under  a  stairway  shall  not  apply  to  any  tenement  house  [or 
hotel]  not  more  than  two  stories  in  height,  in  which  not  more 
than  two  families  live  [in  a  tenement  house  or  in  the  case  of  a 
hotel  in  which  there  are  not  more  than  5  guest  rooms]  above 
the  first  floor  thereof. 

Sec,  51.     Stairway,  roof  egress:  In  every  tenement  house 

236  [or  hotel]   hereafter  erected  more  than  two  stories  in  height, 
T.-H.    the  stairway  nearest  to  the  main  entrance  of  the  building  shall 

be  carried  to  the  roof  level  and  shall  give  egress  to  the  roof 
through  a  penthouse  or  roof  structure. 

In  every  such  building  not  exceeding  two  stories  in  height 

237  there  shall  be  constructed  a  scuttle  in  the  public  hallway  near 
T.-ii.    the  stairway.     Such  scuttle  shall  be  not  less  than  two  feet  by 

three  feet  in  area,  and  shall  be  cut  through  the  ceiling  and 
roof. 

Penthouses  over  stairways  shall  be  built  either  of  fireproof 

238  materials  or  of  wood  studs,  lathed  with  metal  lath  or  approved 
T.-H.    plaster  board  and  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch 

thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster  board  on  the  inside  and 
outside  thereof ;  or  such  penthouses  may  be  covered  in  the  same 
manner  and  m  ith  the  same  kind  of  materials  as  required  by  this 
act  for  the  doors  from  such  penthouses. 

239  The  door  to  the  roof  from  a  penthouse  or  roof  structure  shall 
T.-H.    be  self-closing  and  shall  open  outward  to  the  roof,  and  shall 

be  covered  on  both  sides  and  edges  with  tin  or  other  metal. 

240  The  frames  and  trim  of  such  door  opening  shall  be  similarly 
T.-H.    constructed  and  all  glass  in  such  door  shall  be  wired  glass  not 

less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick. 

Every  tenement  house   [or  hotel]   of  more  than  two  stories 

241  in  height,  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  shall  have  in 
T.-H.    the  roof  a  penthouse  or  a  scuttle,  which  scuttle  shall  be  not 

less  than  two  feet  by  three  feet  in  area,  located  in  the  ceiling 
of  a  public  hallway.  There  shall  be  provided  a  stairway  or  a 
stationary  ladder,  leading  from  the  top  floor  of  such  tenement 
house  [or  hotel]  to  the  roof  thereof.  Such  stairway  or 
stationary  ladder  shall  be  made  readily  accessible  to  all  the 
tenants  of  the  building.  No  scuttle  or  penthouse  door  shall 
at  any  time  be  locked  with  a  key,  but  may  be  fastened  on  the 
inside  by  a  movable  bolt  or  lock. 

Sec.  52.     Public  hallway  measurements:  Public  hallways, 

242  landings  and  corridors  from  stairways  shall  be  of  the  same 
T.-H.    width  and  measured  in  the  same  manner  as  the  stairways,  as 

provided  in  section  fifty  [paragraph  234]  hereof. 

Sec.  53.     Fire  escapes  required:  On  every  tenement  house 

243  hereafter  erected  more  than  two  stories  in  height,  which  con- 
T.-H.    tains  more  than  three  apartments,   [and  on  every  hotel  here- 
after erected  more  than  tivo  stories  in  height]   there  shall  be 
provided  at  least  one  fire  escape.     If  such  tenement  house  [or 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  47 


Paragraph 
number. 


hotel]  exceeds  three  thousand  square  feet  of  floor  area  on  any 
one  floor  above  the  second  floor  thereof,  such  building  shall  be 
provided  with  one  additional  fire  escape  for  each  four  thou- 
sand square  feet  of  floor  area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

244  Fire  escapes  required  by  this  act  shall  be  of  one  of  the 
T.-H.     following  types: 

Type  1.     Metallic  throughout  and  fastened  securely  to  the 

245  exterior  walls  of  the  building,  with  a  ])alcony  at  each  story 
T.-H.    above  the  first  story  thereof,  with  inclined  stairways  connecting 

all  balconies  and  a  goose-neck  ladder  connecting  the  topmost 
balcony  to  the  roof.  The  lowest  Ijaleony  of  such  fire  escape  to 
be  not  more  than  fourteen  feet  above  the  street  or  ground  level 
directly  under  the  same. 

All  metallic  balconies  shall  be  not  less  than  forty-four  inches 

246  in  width  nor  less  than  thirty-three  square  feet  in  area.     The 
T.-H.     stairway  opening.s  therein  shall  be  not  less  than  twenty-one 

inches  wide  and  forty  inches  in  length.  The  balcony  balus- 
trade shall  be  not  less  than  thirty-four  inches  high,  with  no 
opening  in  such  balustrade  greater  than  eight  inches  in  hori- 
zontal dimension. 

247  There  shall  be  no  opening  greater  than  one  inch  in  width 
T.-H.     in  a  fire  escape  balcony  platform,  except  the  stair  well  opening. 

There  shall  be  no  opening  greater  than  one  inch  in  width 

248  in  the  lowest  fire  escape  balcony  platform,  except  that  there 
T.-H.     be  attached  a  counterbalanced  or  permanent  ladder  reaching 

to  the  street  or  ground  below. 

Every  balcony  platform  shall  be  fastened  to  the  outside  walls 

249  of  the  building  by  building  in  and  anchoring  to  such  walls  the 
T.-H.     balcony  platform  and  the  balustrade  framing,  or  by  securely 

bolting  same  thereto.  Every  balcony  shall  be  supported  by 
brackets,  braces,  or  struts  fastened  to  or  built  in  and  anchored 
to  the  walls. 

The  inclined  stairways  shall  be  not  less  than  eighteen  inches 

250  in  widtli  and  placed  in  no  part  nearer  than  twenty-one  inches 
T.-H.     from  the  face  of  the  wall.    Such  inclined  stairways  shall  have 

an  inclination  of  not  less  than  four  inches  and  not  more  than 
six  inches  horizontally  to  each  twelve  inches  of  vertical  height. 
The  treads  shall  be  not  less  than  four  inches  wide,  placed  not 
more  than  twelve  inches  apart.  Eacli  side  of  such  stairways 
shall  be  provided  with  a  handrail  not  less  than  one  inch  in 
diameter  fastened  to  the  stair  stringers  and  continued  around 
the  well  liole  openings  of  l>alcony  platform. 

The  goose-neck  ladder  shall  be  not  less  than  fifteen  inches 

251  wide  and  extend  vertically  from  the  topmost  balcony  to  three 
T.-H.     feet  above  the  fire  wall  or  roof  above,  and  then  be  brought 

down  and  fastened  to  the  inside  face  of  the  fire  wall  or  to 
the  roof.  The  rungs  of  the  goose-neck  ladder  shall  be  not  less 
than  five-eighths  inch  round  iron  or  steel,  placed  not  more  than 
fourteen  inches  apart.  Tlie  goose-neck  ladder  shall  be  securely 
braced  and  fastened  to  the  outside  wall,  and  in  no  case  shall 
such  ladder  pass  in  front  of  any  opening  in  the  wall  to  the 


48  STATE   HOUSING    MANUAL. 


Paragraph 
Dunilior. 


interior  of  the  building'.     The  cornice  opening  for  the  passage 
of  such  ladder  shall  be  not  less  than  twenty-four  inches  in 
Avidth  and  twenty-four  inches  in  the  clear  outside  of  the  ladder. 
Such   fire   escape  shall  be   framed  and  riveted   or  bolted 

252  together  in  a  solid,  substantial  manner  and  properly  supported, 
T.-H,     braced  and  fastened  to  the  outside  walls  so  as  to  be  rigid, 

durable  and  secure  and  carry  the  loads  imposed. 

253  All  metallic  fire  escapes  shall  be  painted  with  not  less  than 
T.-H.     two  coats  of  good,  durable  paint;  or  such  fire  escapes  may  be 

galvanized. 

Note:  See  illustration  on   pages  77-78. 

Type  2.     Metallic  ladders  and  stairways  conforming  to  the 

254  provisions  set  forth  for  type  one  and  with  reinforced  concrete 
T.-H.    or  iron  or  steel  fireproofed  balconies,  with  fastenings  of  similar 

materials.     Such  balconies  to  measure  the  full  size  inside  of 

balustrades.      Floor   openings   and   well   holes   provided   and 

protected  similarly  to  the  requirements  for  metallic  balconies. 

Type  3.     Spiral  chute  tower  fire  escape:  Any  type  of  an 

255  enclosed  approved  metallic  spiral  fire  escape  which  consists  of 
T.-H,     a  rigid  form  of  an  inclined  chute  or  chutes  constructed  entirely 

of  incombustible  material ;  securely  attached  to  the  outside 
walls  of  the  building;  provided  with  proper  means  of  ingress 
thereto  from  the  building  and  egress  therefrom  at  the  bottom ; 
having  means  enabling  firemen  to  reach  the  roof  thereby  from 
the  ground;  equipped  with  standpipes;  painted  the  same  as 
provided  for  metallic  fire  escapes;  and  satisfactory  to  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  as  being 
solid,  substantial  and  durable  and  as  fireproof  in  construction, 
and  providing  at  least  as  safe  and  efficient  means  of  escape 
from  the  building  for  the  occupants  thereof,  and  furnishing  all 
the  protection  and  utility  of  the  metallic  fire  escapes  described 
as  "type  one"  in  this  act. 
Type  4.     Fire  and  smoke  towers:  Fire  and  smoke  tow^ers, 

256  consisting  of  a  fire  escape  stairwaj^  not  less  than  twenty  inches 
T.-H.    in  width,  constructed  of  reinforced  concrete,  iron  or  steel,  or 

a  combination  of  these  materials;  and  in  all  other  details  as 
required  in  this  act  for  metallic  fire  escape  stairways;  said 
stairways  being  continuous  the  full  height  of  the  building  from 
the  first  floor  exit  level  to  the  roof,  and  with  handrails  on  each 
side  thereof  the  full  length  of  same.  Such  stairways  to  be 
constructed  at  a  point  adjoining  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
building  and  be  entirely  enclosed  with  walls  of  brick,  terra 
cotta  tile,  concrete  or  reinforced  concrete  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  thick;  such  walls  to  be  continuous  from  the  basement 
up  to  and  extending  three  feet  above  the  roof  of  the  building, 
with  no  covering  of  any  kind  over  same,  and  with  no  openings 
in  the  walls  of  such  tower  into  the  building.  The  enclosing 
w^alls  of  such  tower  not  to  be  used  to  carry  or  support  any  floor 
joist,  beam,  girder  or  other  structural  feature  of  the  building, 
nor  to  be  chased  for  any  pipe,  conduit  or  other  purpose;  to 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  49 


Paragraph 
number. 


have  an  exit  from  the  enclosure  at  the  first  floor  line  opening 
directly  to  a  street  or  yard,  and  having  an  entrance  by  means 
of  an  outside  balcony  at  each  floor,  such  balconies  to  have  a 
solid  floor  and  in  all  other  details  and  kind  of  materials  to  be 
as  in  this  act  required  for  metallic  fire  escape  balconies.  The 
balconies  to  be  located  and  arranged  to  connect  with  a  door 
opening  from  a  public  hallway  in  the  interior  of  the  building 
and  with  a  door  opening  leading  from  the  balcony  to  the 
tower,  such  door  opening  from  the  building  to  the  balcony  and 
from  the  balcony  to  the  tower  to  be  not  lass  than  thirty  inches 
wide  by  seventy-two  inches  high  and  be  equipped  with  metal- 
lined  doors  and  with  a  frame  and  threshold  of  such  door 
openings  constructed  of  fireproof  materials. 

Note:  See  illustration   on   page  76. 

Type  5.     Fire  and  smoke  tower:  A  fire  and  smoke  tower 

257  in  every  way  similar  to  "type  four"  of  this  section,  except 
T.-H.    that  instead  of  the  outside  balcony  there  be  built  a  vestibule 

with  enclosing  walls  continuous  with  and  of  the  same  kind  of 
materials  and  of  the  same  thicknass  as  the  enclosing  walls 
of  the  fire  tower :  that  the  vestibule  opening  be  direct  from  a 
public  hallway  and  be  equipped  with  metal-lined  doors.  The 
vestibule  floor  to  be  of  masonry  construction.  The  enclosure 
to  have  an  opening  at  each  floor  through  the  exterior  wall  of 
the  building,  such  opening  to  extend  from  the  floor  to  the 
ceiling  and  be  not  less  in  width  than  three-fourths  of  the  width 
of  the  tower,  said  opening  to  be  protected  with  an  open  metallic 
balustrade  similar  to  that  specified  for  metallic  fire  escape 
balconies. 

Note:  See  illustration   on   page  76. 

Sec.  54.    Fire  and  smoke  tower  and  stairway  combined: 

258  In  any  tenement  house   [or  Jiotcl]   hereafter  erected  in  which 
T.-H,     there  is  constructed  a  fire  escape  of  "type  four"  or  "type 

five,"  as  prescribed  in  this  act,  such  fire  escape  may  be  used 
and  constructed  as  a  .stairway  and  a  fire  escape  combined; 
provided,  that  there  is  at  least  one  other  stairway  or  one  other 
fire  escape  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  in  the  said  building. 
Sec.  55.     Fire    escapes,    location    of:    Every    fire    escape 

259  required  by  this  act  shall  be  located  on  the  building  so  as  to 
T.-H.     furnish  the  best  means  of  escape  tlierefrom  for  the  occupants, 

and  at  least  one  such  fire  escape  shall  be  located  on  a  street 
front.  Every  fire  escape  shall  have  egress  thereto  from  a 
public  hallway  or  passageway  not  less  than  three  feet  wide, 
or  such  fire  escapes  in  lieu  of  being  located  on  a  public  hall- 
way, shall  be  so  located  that  each  apartment  \in  a  tenement 
house  and  each  guest  room  in  n  hotel}  has  direct  egress  thereto 
without  passing  through  another  apartment,  [or  room  in  a 
hotel]  or  if  a  public  parlor,  public  lobby  or  similar  room  is 
connected  directlj^  with  the  public  hall,  corridor  or  passageway 
through  a  clear  and  unobstructed  opening,  without  doors,  then 

4—46714 


50  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL 


Paragraph 
number. 


T.-H. 


egress  may  be  had  thereby  to  a  fire  escape.  Signs  both  pointing 
towards  and  marking  the  locations  of  fire  escapes  shall  be 
placed  on  each  floor. 

Note:   See   illustration   on   page  72. 

Sec.  56.     Fire  escape,  floor  area  in  relation  thereto:  The 

260  largest  floor  area  above  the  second  floor  shall  be  used  as  a  basis 
T.-ii.    for  computing  the  number  of  fire  escapes  required  by  this  act; 

provided,  that  if  all  floors  above  the  largest  floor  area  are 
diminished  in  size,  the  number  of  fire  escapes  from  that  por- 
tion of  the  building  containing  the  smaller  area  may  be  com- 
puted on  the  basis  of  the  largest  floor  area  in  that  portion  of 
the  building. 

Sec.  57.    Fire  escapes,  general  requirements:  All  parts  of 

261  each  balcony  platform  of  a  fire  escape  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  load  thereof,  a  live  load  of  one 
hundred  pounds  per  scpare  foot  over  the  entire  area  thereof 
(using  outside  dimensions)  and  the  live  and  dead  loads  from 
the  ladders  or  stairs  supported  thereon. 

262  Each  ladder  shall  be   designed  to  withstand   a  horizontal 
T.-H.    pressure  of  one  hundred  pounds  per  square  foot. 

263  Each  stairway  shall  be  designed  to  carry,  in  addition  to  the 
T.-H.    dead  load  thereof,  a  live  load  of  one  hundred  fifty  pounds  per 

scjuare  foot  of  horizontal  projection. 

264  Top  rails  of  balcony  balustrades  shall  be  designed  to  with- 
T.-H.    stand  a  horizontal  pressure  of  one  hundred  pounds  per  lineal 

foot  of  railing. 

Each  balconj^  shall  be  independently^  supported. 

All  fastenings  of  fire  escape  balconies  to  the  building  shall 

266  be  designed  to  carry  twenty-five  per  cent  greater  load  than  the 
T.-H.    total  dead  and  live  loads  carried  by  the  balconies.     The  bal- 
cony anchorage  shall  be  direct  to  the  structural  steel  or  iron 
members  of  the  balustrades  and  platforms  extended  into  the 
walls  and  anchored  into  the  structural  work  of  the  building. 

The  level  of  the  inside  sill  of  the  door  or  window  giving 

267  access  to  a  fire  escape  balcony  or  the  balcony  floor  shall  be  not 
T.-H.    more  tlian  thirty  inches  above  the  adjoining  floor  in  the  build- 
ing.    Every  such  door  or  w-indow  opening  shall  be  not  less 
than  twenty-nine  inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less  than  fifty-eight 
inches  in  height. 

Note:   See   illustration   on   pages  77-78. 

Where  double-hung  windows  are  used  in  such  openings,  the 

268  lower  sash  shall  be  at  least  the  size  of  the  upper  sash  and  shall 
T.-H.    slide  to  the  top  of  such  opening.     Any  lock  used  on  any  such 

window  shall  be  of  a  type  which  can  be  readily  opened  from 
the  interior  of  the  building  without  the  use  of  a  key  or  other 
tool. 

Sec.  58.     Fire  escapes,  maintenance  of:  Every  fire  escape 

269  in  or  on  tenement  houses  [or  liotels]  hereafter  erected,  or  in 
T.-H.    or  on  tenement  houses  [or  hotels]  erected  prior  to  the  passage 


265 

T.-H 


COMMISSION   OP  IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  51 


Paragraph 
number. 


of  this  act,  shall  at  all  times  be  maintained  in  good  order  and 
repair,  well  painted  and  clear  and  nnobstructed  at  all  times, 
and  be  readily  accessible. 

Sec.  59.  Exterior  standpipes:  On  every  tenement  house 
270  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  four  or  more  stories  in  height, 
T.-H.  there  shall  be  provided  one  or  more  metallic  standpipes.  Each 
such  standpipe  shall  be  not  less  than  four  inches  in  internal 
diameter,  and  shall  have  a  Siamese  inlet  valve  near  the  side- 
walk or  the  ground  directly  under  same,  and  an  outlet  valve 
at  each  storj'  above  the  first  story  and  on  the  roof. 

One  such  standpipe  shall  be  placed  on  or  in  the  exterior 
2*1      walls  of  the  building  at  one  fire  escape  on  each  street  frontage, 
T.-H,    and  the  outlet  valves  shall  be  readily  accessible  from  the  bal- 
conies of  the  fire  escape. 

The  inlet   and  outlet  valves  on   every  standpipe  shall    be 

272  threaded  and  brought  to  a  size  which  Avill  meet  the  standard 
■T.-H.    connections  of  the  local  fire  department  of  the  municipality  in 

which  such  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  is  being  erected. 

The  standpipes  required  by  this  section  need  not  be  installed 

273  in  any  tenement  house  [or  liotel]  which  is  situated  where  there 
T.-H.    is  no  running  water  and  where  it  is  not  practicable  or  possible 

to  obtain  water  for  efficient  use  of  such  standpipes  in  case  of 
fire,  until  such  time  a.s  it  is  practicable  and  possible  to  obtain 
running  water;  and  the  department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  shall  decide  whether  or  not  it  is  possible  or 
practicable  to  obtain  running  water. 

Note:  It  is  advisable  for  the  fire  department  to  require  that  all 
standpipes,  after  installation,  be  subjected  to  a  satisfactory  test  of 
hydrostatic   pressure  of  not   less  than  300  pounds  to  the  square  Inch. 

Sec.  60.     Shafts,  elevator,  dumb-waiter :  In  every  fireproof 

274  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected,  every  elevator 
T.-H.  shaft,  dumb-waiter  shaft  or  other  interior  shaft  shall  be  en- 
closed in  walls  constructed  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete, 
brick,  terra  cotta  tile  or  other  similar  hard  incombustible 
materials,  or  shall  be  constructed  of  metal  studs  lathed  either 
with  metal  lath  or  an  approved  plaster  board  and  plastered 
on  both  sides  so  as  to  make  a  solid  partition  not  less  than  two 
inches  thick. 

In  every  semifireproof  or  wooden  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel] 

275  hereafter  erected,  every  such  shaft  shall  be  inclosed  by  walls 
T.-H.    constructed  as  provided  by  this  act   for  fireproof  tenement 

houses,  or  such  walls  may  be  constructed  with  wood  studs, 
with  wood  firestops  the  same  size  as  the  studs,  cut  in  between 
the  studs  at  each  floor  and  half  way  between  each  floor,  lathed 
on  both  sides  with  metal  lath  or  an  approved  plaster  board 
and  be  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  includ- 
ing the  lath  or  the  plaster  board. 

Every  opening  from  any  shaft  into  the  building  shall  be 

276  equipped  with  a  metal  door  and  with  door  frame  and  trim 
T.-H.    entirely  of  metal;  or  such  door  and  door  frame  shall  be  con- 
structed of  wood  covered  with  metal  on  the  shaft  side  thereof 


52  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

and  if  there  is  any  glass  therein,  such  glass  shall  be  wired  glass 
not  less  than  one- fourth  (|)  inch  thick.  Every  door  or  win- 
dow therein  shall  be  made  to  close  tight,  and  every  door  except 
elevator  doors  therein  shall  be  self-closing. 

Every  window  in  such  shaft  shall  be  of  wired  glass,  not  less 

277  than  one-fourth  (|)  inch  thick,  set  in  a  metal  sash  or  a  sash 
T.-H.    metal  covered  on  the  shaft  side  thereof.     At  the  roof  over 

every  elevator  shaft  there  shall  be  constructed  a  ventilating 
skylight  or  a  ventilator  with  open  louvres. 

Sec.  61.     "Vent   shafts:"   In   every   tenement  house    [or 

278  hotel]    hereafter  erected  every  vent  shaft  shall  be  enclosed 
T.-H.    with  walls  constructed  the  same  as  required  by  this  act  for 

elevator  shaft  in  the  same  class  of  building.  Such  vent  shafts 
may,  in  a  semifireproof  or  wooden  tenement  house,  [or  hotel] 
be  lined  on  the  outside  thereof  (weather  side)  with  metal  in 
lieu  of  metal  lath  and  plaster;  also,  that  portion  of  such  shaft 
extending  from  the  ceiling  joists  to  the  top  thereof  may  be 
lined  with  metal  in  the  same  manner  as  is  required  for  the 
weather  side  of  such  vent  shaft. 

Every  opening  from  any  vent  shaft  into  the  building  or  any 

279  window  therein,  shall  be  equipped  in  the  same  manner   as 
T.-H.    required  by  this  act  for  elevator  shafts  in  the  same  class  of 

building. 

280  Plaster  on  the  weather  side  of  any  such  shaft  shall  be  cement 
T.-H.    plaster. 

Every  vent  shaft  required  by  this  act  shall  be  not  less  than 

281  four  feet  in  any  direction  and  be  at  least  sixteen  square  feet 
T.-H.  in  area.  If  such  vent  shaft  exceeds  fifty  feet  in  height,  meas- 
ured from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the  walls  of  such  shaft, 
then  such  vent  shaft  shall  throughout  its  entire  height  be 
increased  in  area  three  square  feet  for  each  additional  ten 
feet  or  fractional  part  thereof  above  fifty  feet. 

Ever}^  such  vent  shaft  shall  be  provided  with  an  air  intake  or 

282  duct  at  or  near  the  bottom  thereof,  communicating  with  the 
T.-H.    street  or  yard  or  a  court.     Such  intake  shall  be  not  less  than 

three  square  feet  in  total  area,  and  may  be  divided  into  not 
more  than  three  separate  ducts  running  between  the  joists  or 
otherwise,  and  shall  in  all  cases  be  placed  as  nearly  horizontal 
as  possible.  Every  such  intake  or  duct  shall  be  constructed  of 
approved  fireproof  material  or  shall  be  of  metal  or  metal  lined, 
and  be  provided  with  a  wire  screen  of  not  less  than  one  inch 
mesh  at  each  end.  Plumbing,  gas,  steam  or  other  similar  pipes 
may  be  placed  in  such  vent  shaft. 

283  Every  such  vent  shaft  shall  have  a  door  or  a  window  at  or 
T.-H.    near  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  so  arranged  as  to  permit  of  its 

being  readily  cleaned  out. 

Note:  Ample  allowance  should  be  made  in  the  rough  framing  so  that 
the  finished  shaft  and  intakes  will  not  be  less  than  the  minimum 
dimensions   allowed. 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  53 


Paragraph 
number. 


Sec.  62.     Inner  court  walls :  The  walls  of  every  inner  court 

284  in  a  fireproof  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected  shall 
T.-H.    be  constructed  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick,  terra 

cotta  tile  or  other  similar  hard  incombustible  material.  In  a 
semifireproof  or  in  a  wooden  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  such 
inner  court  avails,  if  surrounded  on  four  sides  by  the  walls  of 
the  same  building,  shall  be  constructed  as  provided  for  fire- 
proof tenement  houses,  or  may  be  of  Avood  studs,  with  wood 
fire  stops  the  same  sizes  as  the  studs,  cut  in  between  the  studs 
at  each  floor  and  half  way  between  each  floor,  lathed  on  both 
sides  with  metal  lath,  or  an  approved  plaster  board,  and  be 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the 
lath  or  the  plaster  board.  Plaster  on  the  weather  side  of  such 
inner  court  walls  shall  be  cement  plaster,  or  such  inner  court 
walls  may  be  lined  on  the  weather  side  with  not  less  than  the 
number  twenty-six  (gauge)  metal,  in  lieu  of  metal  lath  and 
plaster. 
Sec.  G3.     Boiler  and  furnace  rooms:   In   every  tenement 

285  house  [or  hotel]  hereafter  erected,  every  boiler  used  for  pur- 
T.-H.    poses  of  heating  the  building,  using  fuel  other  than  gas,  and 

every  heating  furnace  or  water-heating  apparatus,  using  oil 
for  fuel,  shall  be  installed  in  a  room,  the  walls  of  which  room 
shall  be  built  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or 
terra  cotta  tile,  not  less  than  six  (6)  inches  thick,  and  such  walls 
shall  extend  from  the  floor  of  the  boiler  room  to  the  ceiling 
over  same.  The  entire  ceiling  of  such  room  shall  be  built 
of  similar  materials  as  the  walls,  or  shall  be  built  with  a  double 
ceiling,  with  a  space  not  less  than  seven-eighths  inch  between 
the  two  ceilings;  each  ceiling  shall  be  metal  lathed  or  lathed 
with  ail  approved  plaster  Imard  and  be  plastered  not  less  than 
three-quarters  inch  thick,  including  the  lath  or  plaster  board. 
The  floor  of  a  boiler  room  shall  be  of  concrete  not  less  than  two 
(2)  inches  thick. 
Any  door  in  the  wall  of  such  room  shall  be  a  fire-resisting 

286  door,  constructed  of  three  (3)  thicknesses  of  seven-eighths  (|) 
T.-H.     inch  by  not  more  than  six  (6)  inches,  tongued  and  grooved. 

matched  redwood  boards  entirely  covered  on  the  sides  and 
edges  with  lock-jointed  tin ;  every  such  door  shall  be  self- 
closing,  so  hung  as  to  overlap  the  walls  of  the  room  at  least 
three  (3)  inches,  and  any  gla>s  in  any  such  door  or  any  glass 
in  any  window  or  opening  in  the  walls  of  a  boiler  room  shall 
be  wired  glass,  not  less  than  one-fourth  (^)  inch  thick,  set  in 
a  metal  or  metal  covered  sash. 

All  such  doors  shall  have  hinges,  hangers,  latches  and  other 

287  hardware  of  wrought  iron,  bolted  to  the  doors,  and  shall  have 
T.-H.    steel  tracks,  when  .sliding  doors  are  u.sed,  with  wrought-iron 

stops  and  binders  bolted  through  the  wall.  Swinging  doors 
shall  have  wall  eyes  of  wrought-iron,  built  into  or  bolted 
through  the  wall. 


54  STATE   HOUSING    MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

Every  such  boiler  room  shall  have  a  sill  across  each  door  not 

288  less  than  four  (4)  inches  high.    Such  sill  shall  be  of  masonry, 
T.-H.     and  the  doors  shall  overlap  same  at  least  three  (3)  inches,  or 

in  lieu  of  a  masonry  sill  a  steel  or  iron  sill  may  be  used,  in 
which  case  the  bottom  of  the  door  shall  close  tight  on  top  of 
same.  Every  swinging  door  in  a  boiler  room  shall  open  out- 
ward from  the  boiler  room. 

289  Where  oil  or  other  fluid  fuel  is  burned,  the  oil  or  other  fluid 
T.-H.    fuel  shall  not  be  fed  Ijy  a  gravity  flow. 

Sec.  64.     Automobile  storage  room  in  tenement  houses: 

290  In  every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  any  portion  of  such 
T.       building,  in  which  there  is  kept  or  stored  any  automobile  or 

automobiles,  shall  be  a  room,  the  enclosing  partitions  of  which 
shall  be  built  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or 
terra  cotta  tile,  not  less  than  six  (6)  inches  thick,  or  may  be 
of  wood  studs  lined  on  the  automobile  storage  room  side  with 
redwood  boards  not  less  than  seven-eighths  (|-)  of  an  inch 
thick  covered  with  asbestos  paper  one-eighth  (|)  of  an  inch 
thick,  and  then  covered  with  No.  26  (gauge)  galvanized  iron, 
and  such  enclosing  partitions  shall  extend  from  the  floor  of 
the  room  to  the  ceiling  of  the  same.  The  entire  ceiling  of  such 
room  shall  be  built  of  material  similar  to  that  used  in  the 
construction  of  its  walls,  or  shall  be  either  metal  lathed  and 
be  well  plastered  or  be  lathed  with  an  approved  plaster  board 
and  be  well  plastered.  The  floor  of  every  such  room  shall  be 
of  concrete  not  less  than  two  (2)  inches  thick. 

Every  door,  window  or  other  opening  in  the  walls  of  such 

291  room,  opening  to  the  interior  of  the  building,  shall  be  protected 
T.       in  the  same  manner  as  required  by  section  sixty-three  [para- 
graphs 286-287]  hereof  for  doors,  windows  and  other  openings 
in  a  boiler  room. 

Note:     Public    automobile    garages,    machine    shops,    and    automobile 
repair  shops  are  prohibited   In  tenement   houses.     See  paragraph   328. 

*Sec.  60.    Automobile  storage  room  or  garage  in  hotels: 

292  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected  any  portion  of  such  building 
H.       in  which  there  is  kept  or  stored  any  automobile  or  automobiles 

shall  be  a  room  enclosed  in  partitions  which  shall  be  built  of 
concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or  terra  cotta  tile, 
not  less  than  six  inches  thick.  Such  enclosing  partitions  shall 
extend  from  the  floor  of  the  room  to  the  ceiling  of  the  same. 
The  entire  ceiling  of  such  room  shall  be  built  of  material 
similar  to  that  in  the  construction  of  its  walls  or  shall  be 
either  metal  lathed  or  be  lathed  with  an  approved  plaster 
board  and  be  well  plastered,  and  if  any  portion  of  the  building 
is  used  as  a  public  automobile  garage,  or  automobile  repair 
shop,  or  machine  shop  the  ceiling  thereof  shall  be  constructed 
either  of  masonry,  or  of  a  double  ceiling  metal  lathed  or  lathed 
with  an  approved  plaster  board  and  be  well  plastered,  there 
shall  be  left  a  space  between  the  ceilings  of  not  less  than  six 
inches  measured  verticall3^  The  lower  ceiling  shall  be  sus- 
pended with  iron  or  steel  channels.    In  each  case  each  of  the 


COMMISSION    OF    IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  55 

Paragraph 
number. 

ceilings  shall  be  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  the  plaster  board.  The  floor  of 
such  room  shall  be  of  concrete  not  less  than  two  inches  thick. 
Every  door,  window  or  other  opening  in  the  walls  of  such 
room  opening  to  the  interior  of  the  building  shall  be  protected 
in  the  same  manner  required  by  section  fifty-nine  [paragraphs 
286-287]  hereof  for  doors,  windows  and  other  openings  in  a 
boiler  room. 

Note:  The  construction  differs  from  the  requirements  In  tenement 
houses;  also  differs  when  the  room  rs  used  for  a  public  automobile 
garage,    machine  shop  or  automobile   repair   shop. 

*Sec.  61.    Exhaust  draft  ventilation  in  hotels:  In  every 

293  hotel  hereafter  erected  the  water-closet  compartments,  bath, 
H.       toilet  or  slop-sink  rooms,  kitchens,  scullerias,  pantries  or  other 

rooms  in  which  food  is  stored  or  prepared,  public  dining  rooms, 
laundries,  barber  shops,  Turkish  baths,  general  amusement, 
entertainment  or  reception  rooms,  and  rooms  used  for  similar 
purposes  and  general  utility  rooms,  in  lieu  of  being  provided 
with  windows,  as  in  this  act  prescribed,  may  be  provided  with 
a  fan  exhaust  system  of  ventilation.  Such  fan  exhaust  system 
of  ventilation  shall  consist  of  independent  inlet  ducts,  extend- 
ing from  the  outer  air  to  each  such  room  or  compartment  and 
exhaust  ducts  extending  from  each  such  room  or  compartment 
to  the  outer  air  above  the  highest  roof  of  the  building. 

294  All  of  the  inlet  ducts  and  exhaust  ducts  shall  be  constructed 
H.       of  galvanized  iron   or  other  smooth  surfaced,  nonabsorbent 

material  and  so  arranged  that  they  may  be  readily  cleaned  out. 
The  exhaust  ducts  shall  always  be  connected  to  an  exhaust 

295  fan  mechanically  operated,  so  designed  and  operated  as  to  pro- 
H.       vide  a  complete  change  of  air  in  not  to  exceed  fifteen  minutes 

for  each  room  used  for  the  following  purposes :  kitchens ;  pan- 
tries or  other  rooms  used  for  cooking,  storing  or  preparing  of 
food ;  barber  shops ;  Turkish  baths ;  laundries ;  general  amuse- 
ment, entertainment,  reception  or  dining  rooms,  or  rooms  used 
for  similar  purposes;  general  utility  rooms;  and  the  said  fan 
exhaust  system  of  ventilation  sliall  be  so  designed  and  operated 
as  to  provide  a  complete  change  of  air  in  not  to  exceed  five 
minutes  for  each  room  used  for  the  following  purposes:  water- 
closets:  shower  compartments;  bath,  toilet  or  slop-sink  rooms 
or  sculleries. 

Any  person  in  charge  of  a  building  in  which  a  system  of 

296  fan  exhaust  ventilation,  as  in  this  section  is  required,  who 
H.       fails,  neglects  or  refuses  to  operate  and  maintain  the  said 

system  of  ventilation  in  good  order  and  repair  so  that  the 
ventilation  (complete  change  of  air)  herein  specified  is  pro- 
vided in  each  of  the  rooms  or  compartments  at  all  times,  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  mi-sdemeanor  and  subject  to  all  of  the 
penalties  fixed  by  this  act. 

Note:  The  use  of  fan  exhaust  draft  ventilation  Is  limited  to  rooms 
and  compartments  used  for  certain   purposes  only. 


56  STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


ParaKraph 
number. 


297  *Sec.  62,     Dormitories  in  hotels:  Every  dormitory  here- 
H.       after  eonstrueted,  altered,  or  converted  in  any  hotel  shall  be 

as  follows : 

(a)  In  no  one  dormitory  shall  there  be  provided  sleeping 

298  accommodations  for  more  than  twenty  adult  persons,  nor  shall 
n.       the  superficial  floor  space  for  each  person  be  less  than  required 

by  section  sixty-five  [paragraph  309]  hereof. 

(b)  The  ceiling  height,  measured  from  the  finished  floor  to 

299  the  finished  ceiling,  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  nine  feet  in 
H.       the  clear,  and  in  no  case  shall  there  be  permitted  in  such 

dormitory  more  than  one  tier  of  beds;  provided,  however,  that 
in  a  dormitory  in  which  the  clear  ceiling  height  is  not  less  than 
eighteen  feet  measured  between  the  finished  floor  to  the  finished 
ceiling  thereof,  a  double  tier  of  beds  may  be  permitted,  i.  e., 
one  tier  above  the  other,  provided  that  in  no  event  shall  there 
be  less  than  three  feet  of  clear  vertical  space  between  the  beds, 
nor  less  than  three  feet  in  any  horizontal  direction  between  any 
of  the  beds,  nor  less  than  one  foot  of  clear  space  between  the 
floor  of  the  room  and  the  under  side  of  the  first  tier  of  beds. 

(c)  In  every  dormitory  there  shall  be  provided  wdndows 

300  opening  onto  a  street,  or  onto  a  yard  or  court  of  the  dimen- 
H.       sions  specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the  same  lot.     The 

window  area  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one-eighth  of  the 
superficial  floor  area  in  the  dormitory,  and  in  the  event  that 
a  double  tier  of  beds  are  provided,  the  said  window  area  shall 
be  doubled. 

301  (d)   The  frames  of  beds  in  every  dormitory  shall  be  made 
H.       of  steel  or  iron  or  of  some  similar  hard,  smooth,  incombustible 

and  nonabsorbent  material. 

(e)   In  every  dormitory  there  shall  be  provided  not  less  than 

302  one  water-closet  in  a  separate  compartment,  not  less  than  one 
H.       urinal  in  a  separate  compartment,  and  not  less  than  one  shower 

in  a  separate  compartment,  and  not  less  than  one  wash-sink, 
for  each  twenty  persons  or  fractional  part  thereof  occupying 
the  said  dormitory. 

303  (f )   Every  dormitory  in  a  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage 
H.        of  this  act  shall  be  made  to  conform  to  the  provisions  of 

subsection  "  (a)  "  [paragraph  298]  of  this  section. 

Note:  This  section  includes  the  so-called  cheap  rooming  and  lodging 
houses,  which  are  frequently  nothing  more  than  large  storerooms  or 
lofts  equipped  with   bunks  or  cots,   rented   out  to  transients. 

Sec.  65.     Rooms,  hallv^^ays,   additional:   In  any  tenement 

304  house  [or  hotel]  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  every 
T.-H.      additional  room  or  hallway  that  is  hereafter  constructed  or 

created,   may  be   of  the  same  height  as  the   other  rooms   or 

hallways  on  the  same  story  of  such  tenement  house  [or  hotel]. 

Sec.  66.     Rooms,  hallways,  ventilation  of  in  existing  build- 

305  ings:  Every  room  in  a  tenement  house    [or  liotel]    erected 
T.-H.      prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  shall,  if  the  said  room  be 

hereafter  occupied  for  living  or  sleeping  purposes,  have  a 
window  of  an  area  not  less  than  eight  square  feet,  opening 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  57 


Paragraph 

number. 


directly  upon  a  street,  a  yard,  a  court  or  upon  a  vent  shaft 
not  less  than  twenty-five  square  feet  in  area,  which  vent 
shaft  shall  in  no  part  be  less  than  four  feet  wide  and  open  and 
unobstructed,  without  roof  or  skylight  over  same ;  except  that 
if  such  room  be  located  on  the  top  floor  of  the  building,  such 
room  may  be  ventilated  by  a  skylight  with  fixed  louvers 
directly  to  the  outer  air,  or  may  have  a  window  opening  upon 
a  vent  shaft  not  less  than  ten  square  feet  in  area,  if  such 
window  from  the  room  be  not  more  than  three  feet  below  the 
top  of  the  wall  of  such  vent  shaft. 

Every  public  hallway  in  every  tenement  house   [or  hotel] 

306  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  which  does  not  conform 
T.-H.      to  the  provisions  for  public  hallwaj's  in  buildings  hereafter 

erected,  shall  be  provided  with  light  and  ventilation  to  the 
outer  air.  Such  light  and  ventilation  shall  be  provided  by 
the  placing  of  windows  or  skylights,  or  by  making  such  altera- 
tions as  in  the  judgment  of  the  housing  department  may  be 
deemed  necessary  to  accomplish  the  result. 
Sec.  67.     Cooking,  sleeping,  living — where  prohibited:  It 

307  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  cook  or  to  prepare  food, 
T.-D.       or  to  permit  or  suffer  any  person  to  cook  or  to  prepare  food  in 

any  bath,  shower,  slop-sink  or  toilet  room,  water-closet  compart- 
ment [in  any  tenement  Jiouse  or  dwelling]  ;  or  in  any  closet, 
or  recess  from  a  room,  or  dressing  room,  [in  a  tenement  house] 
which  does  not  conform  to  all  the  provisions  of  this  act  as  to 
size  of  kitchens  and  windows  opening  to  a  street,  yard  or  court, 
or  in  any  other  place  in  such  buildings  which,  in  the  judgment 
of  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act, 
is  detrimental  to  the  proper  sanitation  of  such  buildings. 
*Sec.  65.     Food  shall  not  be  cooked  or  prepared  in  any 

308  room  [in  a  hotel]  except  in  a  kitchen  designed  for  that  pur- 
H.        pose.     Floors  of  kitchens  and  rooms  in  which  food  is  stored 

[in  a  hotel]  shall  be  made  impervious  to  rats  by  a  layer  of  con- 
crete not  less  than  one  and  one-half  inches  thick  or  by  a  layer 
of  sheet  tin  or  iron  or  similar  material. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  live  or  sleep,  or  permit 

309  or  suffer  any  person  to  live  or  sleep  in  any  cellar,  bath  or 
T.-H.-D.  shower  compartment  or  slop-sink  room,  water-closet  compart- 
ment, hallway,  closet,  kitchen,  [in  a  tenement  house,  hotel  or 
dwelling]  recess  from  a  room  or  dressing  room,  [in  a  tenement 
house  or  hotel]  except  when  such  recess  from  a  room  or  dress- 
ing room  has  not  less  than  ninety  square  feet  of  superficial 
floor  area  and  complies  witli  every  other  requirement  of  this 
act  for  rooms,  [in  tenement  houses  or  hotels]  or  in  any  other 
place  [in  tenement  houses,  hotels,  or  dwellings]  which,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act,  would  be  dangerous  or  prejudicial  to  life  or  health  by 
reason  of  want  of  light,  windows,  ventilation,  drainage,  or  on 
account  of  dampness  or  offensive,  obnoxious  or  poisonous  odors, 


58 


STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


Paragraph 
number. 


or  in  any  room  that  shall  be  so  overcrowded  as  to  afford  less 
than  the  following  floor  space  for  each  occupant,  in  accordance 
with  the  age  of  the  said  occupant: 


Number  of  persons 
over  12  years  of  age 

Number  of  persons 
under  12  years  of  age 

Superficial  floor 
area  required 

1  or 



-— 

2 

4 
6 

8 
10 
12 

60  square  feet 
120  square  feet 

2  or 

3  or 

180  square  feet 

4  or 

240  square  feet 

5  or 

300  square  feet 
360  square  feet 

6  or 

Additional  floor  area  in  the  same  ratio  shall  be  provided  for  addi- 
tional persons. 


310 

T.-H. 


311 

T.-H. 


312 

T.-H. 


Sec.  68.  Artificial  illumination:  In  every  tenement  house 
[or  liofel]  there  shall  be  installed  and  kept  burning  from  sun- 
rise to  sunset  throughout  the  year  artificial  light  sufficient  in 
volume  to  properly  illuminate  every  public  hallway,  stairway, 
fire  escape  egress,  elevator,  passageway,  public  water-closet 
compartment,  or  toilet  room,  whenever  there  is  insufficient 
natural  light  to  permit  a  person  to  read  in  any  part  thereof. 

In  every  tenement  house  [or  Jiotel]  there  shall  be  installed 
and  kept  burning  from  sunset  to  sunrise  throughout  the  year 
artificial  light  sufficient  in  volume  to  properly  illuminate  every 
public  hallway,  stairway,  fire  escape  egress,  elevator,  public 
water-closet  compartment,  or  toilet  room  and  exterior  passage- 
way on  the  lot. 

Sec.  69.  Painting:  The  walls  and  ceilings  of  every  sleep- 
ing room  in  every  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  shall  (except 
when  there  is  sufficient  natural  light  to  permit  a  person  to  read 
in  any  part  thereof  during  daytime)  be  calcimined  or  painted 
or  papered  with  a  light-colored  material,  and  such  calcimine, 
paint  or  paper,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  renewed  as  often  as 
is  necessary  to  maintain  the  same  of  a  light  color  and  clean 
and  free  from  vermin. 

The  walls  of  courts  and  shafts,  unless  built  of  light-colored 
materials,  shall  be  painted  of  a  light  color  or  whitewashed,  and 
such  painting  or  whitewashing  shall  be  renewed  as  often  as  is 
necessary  to  maintain  the  same  of  a  light  color. 

Sec.  70.  Repapering:  No  w^all,  partition  or  ceiling  of  any 
room  in  any  tenement  house  [liofel  or  dwelling]  shall  be 
T.-H.-D,  repapered,  calcimined,  or  have  any  other  covering  placed 
thereupon  unless  the  old  wall  paper  or  other  covering  shall 
have  first  been  removed  therefrom,  and  the  said  wall,  partition 
or  ceiling  cleaned,  disinfected  and  freed  from  bugs,  insects 
or  vermin. 


313 

T.-H. 


314 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  59 


Paragraph 
number. 


Sec.  71.     Repairs    and    drainage    of    tenement    houses — 

315  hotels:  Eveiy  tenement  house  [or  liotel]  shall  be  maintained 
T.-H.     in  good  repair.     The  roofs  shall  be  kept  waterproof  and  all 

storm  or  casual  water  properly  draiuecl  and  conveyed  there- 
from to  the  street  sewer,  storm  drain  or  street  gutter. 

All  portions  of  the  lot  about  a  tenement  house,   [or  hotel] 

316  including  the  yard,  areaways,  vent  shafts,  courts  and  passage- 
T.-H.     ways,  shall  be  properly  graded  and  drained ;  and  whenever 

the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  deems 
it  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  health  of  the  occupants 
of  such  building,  or  for  the  proper  sanitation  of  the  premises, 
it  may  require  that  the  said  lot,  yards,  areaways,  vent  shafts, 
courts  and  passageways  be  graveled  or  properly  paved  and 
surfaced  Avith  concrete,  asphalt  or  similar  materials. 

**Sec.  23.    Repairs,    drainage,    sanitation    of    dwellings: 

317  Every  dwelling  shall  be  maintained  in  good  repair.     The  roofs 
D.       shall  be  kept  waterproof  and  all  storm  or  casual  water  properly 

drained  and  conveyed  therefrom  to  the  street  sewer,  storm 
drain  or  street  gutter. 

318  Every  water-closet,  bathtub,  sink,  slop-hopper  or  other  sim- 
D.       ilar  plumbing  fixture  shall  at  all  times  be  kept  clean,  sanitary 

and  in  good  working  order. 

Sec.  72.  Mosquito  screening:  There  shall  be  provided, 
319  whenever  it  is  deemed  necessary  for  the  health  of  the  occupants 
T.-H.-D.  of  any  tenement  house  [hotel  or  dwelling]  or  for  the  proper 
sanitation  or  cleanliness  of  any  such  building,  metal  mosquito 
screening  of  at  least  sixteen  mash,  set  in  tight-fitting  removable 
sash,  for  each  exterior  door,  window  or  other  opening  in  the 
exterior  walls  of  the  building. 

Sec.  73.     Garbage  and  ash  receptacles  in  tenement  houses: 

320  In    every   tenement   house   there   shall   be    provided   by   the 
T.       occupants,  or  tenants,  such  number  of  tight  metal  receptacles 

with  close-fitting  metal  covers  for  garbage,  refuse,  ashes  and 
rubbish  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  or  in  lieu  of  such 
metal  receptacles  there  may  be  constructed  a  garbage  chute  or 
shaft  approved  by  the  housing  department.  Each  of  said 
receptacles  shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  condition  by  the  occupants, 
or  tenants  and  in  the  case  of  a  chute  or  shaft  by  the  person  in 
charge  or  in  control  of  the  building. 
*Sec.  71.     Garbage  and  ash  receptacles  in  hotels :  In  every 

321  hotel   there  shall  be   provided  such   number   of  tight   metal 
H.       receptacles  with  close-fitting  metal  covers  for  garbage,  refuse, 

ashes  and  rubbish  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  or  in  lieu  of 
such  metal  receptacles  there  may  be  ctmstructed  a  garbage 
chute  or  shaft  approved  by  the  housing  department.  Each  of 
said  receptacles,  chutes  or  shafts  shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  condi- 
tion by  the  person  in  charge  or  in  control  of  the  building. 


60  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 

ParnBraph 
number. 

**Sec.  25.     Garbage    and   ash   receptacles    in    dwellings: 

322  There  shall  be  provided  by  the  occupant  or  tenant  for  each 
D.       dwell incj  a  tiofht  metal  receptaole,  with  close-fitting  metal  cover, 

for  garbage,  refuse,  ashes  and  rubbish  as  may  be  deemed  neces- 
sary by  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this 
act.  The  receptacles  shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  condition  by  the 
occupants  or  tenants. 

Sec.  74.     Cleanliness:  Every  room,  hallway,  passageway, 

323  stairway,  wall,  partition,  ceiling,  floor,  skylight,  glass  window, 
T.-H.-D.  door,  carpet,  rug,  matting,  window  curtain,  water-closet  com- 
partment or  room,  toilet  room,  bathroom,  slop-sink,  or  wash- 
room, plumbing  fixture,  drain,  roof,  closet,  cellar,  or  basement 
in  any  tenement  house  [Jiotel  or  divelling]  or  on  the  lot,  yard, 
court  or  any  of  the  premises  thereof,  shall  be  kept  in  every  part 
clean  and  sanitary  and  free  from  all  accumulation  of  debris, 
filth,  rubbish,  garbage  or  other  offensive  matter. 

No  person  shall,  or  cause  or  permit  any  person  to,  deposit 

324  any  swill,  garbage,  bottles,  ashes,  cans  or  other  improper  sub- 
T.-H.-D.  stances  in  am-  water-closet,  sink,  slop-hopper,  bathtub,  shower, 

catch-basin,  or  in  any  plumbing  fixture  connection  or  drain 
therefrom ;  or  otherwise  to  obstruct  the  same ;  or  to  place  or 
cause  or  permit  to  be  placed  any  filth,  urine  or  other  foul 
matter  in  any  place  other  than  the  place  provided  for  same ; 
or  to  keep  or  cause  or  permit  to  be  kept  any  urine  or  filth  or 
foul  matter  in  any  room  or  apartment  in  any  tenement  house, 
[hotel  or  direlUng]  or  in  or  about  the  said  building  or  premises 
thereof,  for  such  length  of  time  as  to  create  a  nuisance. 

325  Sec.  75.     Beds   and  bedding,   towels:  In   every  tenement 
T.-H.    house,    [or   hotel]    every   part   of    every  bed,   including   the 

mattress,  sheets,  blankets  and  bedding,  shall  be  kept  in  a, clean, 
dry  and  sanitary  condition,  free  from  filth,  urine  or  other  foul 
matter,  in  or  upon  the  same :  and  free  from  the  infection  of  lice, 
bedbugs  or  other  insects. 

*No  roller  or  public  towel  shall  be  permitted  [in  a  hotel]  and 

326  the  bed  linen  shall  be  changed  at  least  as  often  as  a  new  guest 
H.       occupies  the  bed. 

Note:  Paragraph  326  applies  to  hotels  only.  However,  the  following 
paragraph  from  Chapter  745.  "Cal.  Statutes  of  1917,"  would  apply  to 
the  common  use  of  a  towel  in  a  public  place  in  tenement  houses. 
"Section  1,  No  person,  firm  or  corporation  conducting,  operating, 
having  charge  of,  or  control  of,  any  hotel,  restaurant,  factory,  store, 
barber  shop,  office  building,  school,  public  hall,  railroad  train,  railway 
station,  boat,  or  any  other  public  place,  room  or  conveyance,  shall 
maintain  or  keep  In  or  about  any  such  place  any  towel  for  common 
use." 

Sec.  76.     Dangerous  and  combustible  articles  prohibited: 

327  In  no  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or  any  part  thereof,  or  in  the 
T.-H.    lot,  yard,  court  or  any  portion  thereof,  shall  there  be  kept, 

stored  or  handled  any  article  dangerous  or  detrimental  to  life 
or  to  the  health  of  the  occupants  thereof;  nor  shall  there  be 
stored,  kept  or  handled  any  feed,  hay,  straw,  excelsior,  cotton, 
paper  stock,  rags  or  junk,  except  upon  a  written  permit  so  to 
do,  obtained  from  the  fire  commissioner  or  other  department 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  61 


Paragraph 
number. 


authorized  to  issue  such  permit.  Every  such  permit  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  public  record,  made  in  duplicate,  and  a  copy 
thereof  shall  remain  on  hie  in  the  office  of  the  fire  commissioner 
or  department  issuing  same. 

Sec.  77.     Certain   businesses   and   animals   prohibited   in 

328  tenement  houses  and  hotels :  No  horse,  cow,  calf,  swine,  sheep, 
T.-H.    goat,  rabbit,  mule  or  other  animal,  chicken,  pigeon,  goose,  duck 

or  other  poultr.y  shall  be  kept  in  any  tenement  house  [or  hotel] 
or  any  part  thereof ;  nor  shall  any  such  animal  or  poultry,  nor 
shall  any  stable  be  kept  or  maintained  on  the  same  lot,  yard, 
court  or  premises  of  a  tenement  hoiLse  [or  hotel]  or  within 
twenty  feet  of  any  window  or  door  or  such  building,  nor  shall 
there  be  hereafter  constructed,  altered,  converted  or  main- 
tained in  any  tenement  house  any  public  automobile  garage 
or  machine  shop,  or  automobile  repair  shop. 

Note:  Public  aL'tomobile  garages,  machine  shops  and  automobile 
repair  shops  are  prohibited  in  tenement  houses  but  not  in  hotels. 
However,  it  is  advisable,  due  to  the  danger  involved,  to  either  exclude 
these  businesses  from  hotels  or  at  least  confine  them  to  fireproof 
buildings. 

No  bakery  or  place  of  business  in  which  fat  is  boiled  shall 

329  be  constructed  or  maintained  in  any  tenement  house,  unless 
T.        such  bakery  or  place  of  biLsiness  in  which  fat  is  boiled  is  con- 
structed of  approved  fireproof  materials,   with  no   openings 
connecting   into  the   tenement  house,   and  so   separated   and 
arranged  as  to  prevent  odors  from  entering  such  building. 

Note:  Paragraph  329  applies  to  tenement  houses  only. 

No  tenement  house    [or  hotel]   shall  be  connected  Avith  or 

330  have  any  door,  window  or  transom  opening  to  any  part  of  a 
T.-H.    building  wherein  spirituous  liquors,   drugs,  paint  or  oil  are 

stored  or  kept  for  the  purpose  of  sale  or  otherwise. 

Note:  Paragraph  330  does  not  apply  to  hotels  in  so  far  as  spirituous 
liquors,    and    drugs   are   concerned. 

**Sec.  27.     Certain  animals  prohibited  in  dwellings:  No 

331  liorse,   cow,   calf,   swine,   sheep,   goat,   rabbit,   mule   or   other 
D.       animal,  chicken,  pigeon,  goose,  duck  or  other  poultry  shall  be 

kept  in  any  dwelling  house  or  any  part  thereof;  nor  shall  any 
such  animal  or  poultry,  nor  sliall  any  stable,  be  kept  or  main- 
tained within  twenty  feet  of  any  window  or  door  of  such 
building. 

Sec.  78.    Janitor  or  housekeeper :  In  every  tenement  house 

332  in  which  eight  (8)  or  more  families  reside,  [or  hotel  in  which 
T.-H.    there  are  8  or  more  guest  rooms]  and  in  which  the  owner  does 

not    live,    there    shall    be    a    janitor,    housekeeper    or    other 
responsible  person,  who  shall  reside  in  such  tenement  house 
[or  hotel]   or  on  the  same  lot  or  premises  thereof  and  have 
charge  of  same. 
Sec.  79.     Restraining  order:  In  ease  any  tenement  house. 

333  [hotel  or  divclling]  or  any  part  thereof,  is  constructed,  altered, 
T.-H.-D.  converted  or  maintained  in  violation  of  any  provisions  of  this 

act  or  of  any  order  or  notice  of  the  department  charged  with 


62  STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL. 


Pariigraph 
number. 


its  enforcement,  or  in  case  a  nuisance  exists  in  any  such  tene- 
ment house  [hotel,  dwelling]  or  building  or  structure,  or 
upon  the  lot  on  Avhich  it  is  situated,  said  department  may- 
institute  any  appropriate  action  or  proceeding  to  prevent  such 
unlawful  construction,  alteration,  conversion  or  maintenance, 
to  restrain,  correct  or  abate  such  violation  or  nuisance,  to  pre- 
vent the  occupation  of  said  tenement  house,  [hotel,  dwelling,] 
building  or  structure,  to  prevent  any  illegal  act,  conduct  or 
business  in  or  about  such  tenement  house  [hotel,  dwelling,] 
or  lot.  In  any  such  action  or  proceeding  said  department 
may,  by  affidavit  setting  forth  the  facts,  apply  to  the  superior 
court,  or  to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an  order  granting  the  relief 
for  which  said  action  or  proceedioig  is  brought,  or  for  an  order 
enjoining  all  persons  from  doing  or  permitting  to  be  done 
any  work  in  or  about  such  tenement  house,  [hotel,  dwelling,] 
building,  structure  or  lot,  or  from  occupying  or  using  the 
same  for  anj^  purpose,  until  the  entry  of  final  judgment  or 
order.  In  ease  any  notice  or  order  issued  by  said  department 
is  not  complied  wdth,  said  department  may  apply  to  the 
superior  court  or  to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an  order  authoriz- 
ing said  department  to  execute  and  carry  out  the  provisions 
of  said  notice  or  order,  to  remove  any  violation  specified  in 
said  order  or  notice,  or  to  abate  any  nuisance  in  or  about  such 
tenement  house,  [hotel,  dwelling,]  building  or  structure,  or  the 
lot  upon  which  it  is  situated.  The  court,  or  any  judge  thereof, 
is  hereby  authorized  to  make  any  order  specified  in  this  section. 
In  no  case  shall  the  said  department  or  any  officer  thereof  or 
the  municipal  corporation  be  liable  for  costs  in  any  action  or 
proceeding  that  may  be  commenced  in  pursuance  of  this  act. 
Sec.  80.     Fine  is  a  lien:  Every  fine  imposed  by  judgment 

334  under  section  six  [paragraph  15]  of  this  act  upon  a  tenement 
T.-H.-D,  house  [hotel  or  dwelling]  owner  shall  be  a  lien  upon  the  house 

in  relation  to  which  the  fine  is  imposed,  from  the  time  of  the 
filing  of  a  certified  copy  of  said  judgment  in  the  office  of  the 
recorder  of  the  county  in  which  said  tenement  house  [hotel  or 
dwelling]  is  situated,  subject  only  to  taxes  and  assessments  and 
water  rates,  and  to  such  mortgage  and  mechanics'  liens  as  may 
exist  thereon  prior  to  such  filing;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  upon  the  entry  of  such  judgment,  to  file  forthwith 
the  copy  as  aforesaid,  and  such  copy  upon  filing  shall  be  forth- 
with indexed  by  the  recorder  in  the  index  of  mechanics'  liens. 
Sec.  81.     Notice  of  pendency :  In  any  action  or  proceeding 

335  instituted  by  the  department  charged  with  the  enforcement 
T.-H.-D.  of  this  act,  the  plaintiff  or  petitioner  maj^  file,  in  the  county 

recorder's  office  of  the  county  where  the  property  aft'ected  by 
such  action  or  proceeding  is  situated,  a  notice  of  the  pendency 
of  such  action  or  proceeding.  Said  notice  may  be  filed  at  the 
time  of  the  commencement  of  the  action  or  proceeding,  or  at 
any  time  afterwards  before  final  judgment  or  order,  or  at  any 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  63 


Paragrapli 
number. 


time  after  the  service  of  any  notice  or  order  issued  by  said 
department.  Such  notice  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect 
as  the  notice  of  pendency  of  action  provided  for  in  the  Code 
of  Civil  Procedure.  Each  county  recorder  with  whom  such 
notice  is  filed  shall  record  it  and  shall  index  it  in  the  name  of 
each  person  specified  in  a  direction  subscribed  by  an  officer  of 
the  department  instituting  such  action  or  proceeding.  Any 
such  notice  may  be  vacated  upon  the  order  of  a  judge  of  the 
court  in  which  such  action  or  proceeding  was  instituted  or  is 
pending.  The  recorder  of  tlie  county  where  such  notice  is 
filed  is  hereby  directed  to  mark  such  notice,  and  any  record 
or  docket  thereof  as  canceled  of  record,  upon  the  presentation 
and  filing  of  a  certified  copy  of  such  order. 

Sec.  82.     Owner  to  file  data:  Every  owner  of  a  tenement 

336  house  [or  hotel]  and  every  lessee  of  the  whole  house,  or  other 
T.-H,    person  having  control  of  a  tenement  house,    [or  hotel]   shall 

file  in  the  housing  department  a  notice,  containing  his  name 
and  address,  and  also  a  description  of  the  property,  by  street 
and  number  and  otherwise,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  such  manner 
as  will  enable  the  department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  easily  to  find  the  same;  and  also  the  number 
of  apartments  in  each  house,  the  number  of  rooms  in  each 
apartment,  and  the  number  of  families  occupying  the  apart- 
ments [in  a  tenement  house,  and  the  nwmber  of  rooms  in  a 
hotel.]  In  case  of  a  transfer  of  any  tenement  house,  [or 
hotel]  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  grantee  of  said  tenement 
house  [or  hotel]  to  file  in  the  housing  department  a  notice  of 
such  transfer,  stating  the  name  of  the  new  owner,  within 
thirty  days  after  such  transfer.  In  case  of  the  devolution  of 
the  said  property  by  will,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  executor 
and  the  devisee,  if  more  than  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  in 
the  case  of  devolution  of  such  property  by  inheritance  without 
a  will,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  heirs,  or  in  case  all  the  heirs 
are  under  age,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  administrator  of  the 
deceased  owner  of  said  property,  to  file  in  said  department  a 
notice,  stating  the  death  of  said  owner  and  the  najnes  of  those 
who  have  succeeded  to  his  interests,  within  thirty  (30)  days 
after  the  death  of  the  decedent,  in  case  he  died  intestate,  and 
within  thirty  daj's  after  the  probate  of  his  will,  if  he  died 
testate. 

Note:   See  suggested   form   of  application  for  a   permit   of  occupancy, 
page  81. 

Sec.  83.     Agent's  najne:  Every  owner,  agent  or  lessee  of  a 

337  tenement  house  [or  lioicJ]  shall  file  in  the  housing  department 
T.-H.    a  notice  containing  the  name  and  address  of  such  agent  of  such 

house,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  service  of  process,  and  also 
a  description  of  the  property,  by  street  and  number  or  other- 
wise, as  the  case  may  be,  in  such  manner  as  will  enable  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  easily 


64  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 

Paragraph 
number. 

to  find  tlie  same.  The  name  of  the  owner  or  lessee  may  be 
filed  as  agent  for  this  purpose. 

Note:   See  suggested   form   of  application   for  a   permit   of  occupancy, 
page  81. 

Sec.  84.     Names  and  addresses  accessible:  The  names  and 

338  addresses   filed    in    accordance    with   sections    eighty-two    and 
T.-H.     eighty-three  [paragraphs  336-337]  hereof  shall  be  indexed  by 

the  housing  department  in  such  a  manner  that  all  of  those 
filed  in  relation  to  each  tenement  house    [or  Jiotel]   shall  be 
together  and  readily  ascertainable.     Said  indices  shall  be  pub- 
lic records,  open  to  public  inspection  during  business  hours. 
Sec.  85.     Time  of  service:  Every  notice  or  order  in  rela- 

339  tion  to  a  tenement  house   [Jiotel  or  dwelling]   shall  be  served 
T.-H.-D.  five  days  before  the  time  for  doing  the  thing  in  relation  to 

which  it  shall  have  been  issued. 

Sec.  86.     Method  of  service :  In  any  action  brought  by  any 

340  department  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  in  rela- 
T.-H.-D.  tion  to  a  tenement  house,   [hotel  or  divelling,]  for  injunction, 

vacation  of  the  premJses  or  other  abatement  of  nuisance,  or  to 
establish  a  lien  thereon,  it  shall  be  sufficient  service  of  summons 
to  serve  the  same  as  notices  and  orders  are  served  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure. 
Sec.  87.    Minimum  requirements  for  protection  declared; 

341  inconsistent  statutes  repealed:    The   provisions  of  this   act 
T.-H.-D.  shall  be  held  to  be  the  minimum  requirements  adopted  for  the 

protection,  the  health  and  the  safet}^  of  the  community,  and 
for  the  protection,  the  health  and  the  safety  of  the  occupants 
of  tenement  houses  [hotels  and  dwellings] .  Nothing  in  this  act 
contained  shall  be  construed  as  prohibitng  the  local  legislative 
body  of  any  incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,  incorporated 
city  and  county,  or  county,  from  enacting,  from  time  to  time, 
supplementary  ordinances  or  laws  imposing  further  restric- 
tions, or  providing  for  fees  to  be  charged  for  permits,  cer- 
tificates, or  other  papers  required  by  this  act ;  but  no  ordinance, 
law,  regulation  or  ruling  of  any  municipal  department, 
authority,  officer  or  officers,  shall  repeal,  amend,  modify  or 
dispense  with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

All  statutes  of  the  state  and  all  ordinances  of  incorporated 

342  towns,    incorporated   cities,    incorporated   cities   and   counties, 
T.-H.-D.  and  counties,  as  far  as  inconsistent  wdth  the  provisions  of  this 

act  are  hereby  repealed;  provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act 
contained  shall  be  construed  as  repealing  or  abrogating  any 
present  law  or  ordinance  of  any  incorporated  town,  incorpo- 
rated city,  incorporated  city  and  county,  or  county  in  the 
state  which  further  restricts  the  percentage  of  the  lot  to  be 
covered  by  a  tenement  house,  [hotel  or  divelling]  the  number 
of  stories  or  height  of  such  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or  num- 
ber of  apartments  [or  rooms]  therein,  the  occupation  thereof, 
the  materials  to  be  used  in  [their]  its  construction,  or  increas- 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING.  G5 


Paragraph 
number. 


ing  the  size  of  the  yards  or  courts,  the  floor  space  to  each  person 
occupying  a  room,  the  requirements  as  to  sanitation,  ventila- 
tion, light  and  protection  against  fire. 

Nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  be  construed  as  abrogat- 

343  ing,   diminishing,   minimizing  or  denying  the  power  of  any 
T.-H.-D.  incorporated  town,   incorporated  city,  incorporated  city  and 

county,  or  county,  by  ordinance  or  law,  to  further  restrict  tlie 
percentage  of  the  lot  to  l)e  covered  by  a  tenement  house  \  hotel 
or  dwelling]  within  said  municipality,  the  number  of  stories 
or  height  of  such  tenement  house  [or  hotel]  or  number  of 
apartments  [or  rooms]  therein,  the  occupation  thereof,  the 
materials  to  be  used  in  [their]  its  construction,  or  increasing 
the  size  of  the  yards  or  courts,  the  floor  space  to  each  person 
occupying  a  room,  the  requirements  as  to  sanitation,  ventila- 
tion, light  and  protection  against  fire. 

Sec.  88.    Validity    of    each    separate    section,    sentence, 

344  clause,  etc. :  If  any  section,  subsection,  sentence,  clause  or 
^•~H.-D,  phrase  of  this  act  is  for  any  reason  held  to  be  unconstitutional, 

such  decision  shall  not  afl'ect  the  validity  of  the  remaining 
portions  of  this  act.  The  legislature  hereby  declares  that  it 
would  have  passed  this  act,  and  each  section,  subsection,  sen- 
tence, clause,  and  phrase  thereof,  irrespective  of  the  fact  that 
any  one  or  more  sections,  subsections,  sentences,  clauses,  or 
phrases  be  declared  unconsitutional. 

345  Sec.  89.    Effective  date:  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be 
T.-H.-D.  in  force  from  and  after  September  1,  1917. 

Sec.  90.     Repeal  of  former  tenement  house  act:  The  act 

346  entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  the  l)uilding  and  occupancy  of 
T.       tenement   houses   in   incorporated   towns,   incorporated   cities, 

and  cities  and  counties,  and  to  provide  penalties  for  the  viola- 
tion thereof  and  repealing  an  act  entitled  'An  act  to  regulate 
the  building  and  occupancy  of  tenement  houses  in  incorporated 
towns,  incorporated  cities,  and  cities  and  counties,  and  to  pro- 
vide penalties  for  the  violation  thereof  approved  April  IG, 
1909,  statutes  of  California  of  1909,  page  9-48,"  approved 
April  10,  1911,  statutes  of  California.  1911,  page  8G0,  and 
approved  June  13,  1913,  statutes  of  California,  1913,  page  TM, 
and  approved  May  29,  1915,  statutes  of  California,  page  952, 
and  all   acts  amendatory   thereof  are   hereby    i-epeali'd. 

Sec.  88.     Repeal  of  former  hotel  and  lodging-  house  act: 

347  "An  act  to  regulate  the  building  and  occupancy  oT  holds  and 
H.       lodgiug  houses  in  incorporated  towns,  incorporated  cities,  anil 

cities  and  counti&s,  and  to  provide  penalties  for  tlie  violation 
thereof,"  approved  June  IG,  1913,  statutes  of  California  of 
1913,  page  1-429,  and  all  acts  amending  said  act,  are  hereby 
repealed. 


5—46714 


ILLUSTRATIONS,  FORMS 


AND 


HANDY  TABLES. 


The  following  Illustrations,  Forms,  and  Handy  Tables  are  merely 
suggestive  and  explanatory  of  the  Laws. 


68 


STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL. 


ii^saj-Q 


SHTn-AcvaK^noa-^kco  ulim 


3VWQ'    UO  n3XOH^ 


o 
o 


^^n^?-^-/,. 


e 


.D 


!a 


X-33CIXS--YUO  -DKyiasd 
Aavauf3oa-3wo  wxim 


-^k/ii-joi-^ais 


@ 


® 


j-3k/nJ.oiJaig 


§5 


®g< 


220  •  3cr7ow -iuavj^akra-L  v-iosaa"! 

x-33aj.s  v-kro  ouia3aeiD<3y-»- 


3ac)^-3aaw± 


© 


lU       ^ 


@ 


h 

U 
U 

a 

(0 


X33CI-LQ 


OJ 


o 


lU 


P^ 


y 


OS 


^^0 

0  •  J 
0 


F 

b 

o 


H. 


0 


\n 


O 


dHFa 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION    AND   HOUSING. 


G9 


I    I 


^-nSETlTS  ^^"^ 


•ILLL3DTR/^nnQ-;3Tltl^TADnOST 

-Goryno/iLV-  usED-TYPns-^-i/virR- 

•  GOL3RT5/  OUTER  -  COURTS  •  ^  VAPD3  ■ 

(Paragraphs  45,   46,   79,  80.) 


70 


STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


•SIATn-aTcJ5Y- 


•rrr-T/i-STOPY- 


X/niRD  -sroQY 


SECoriD 


COUQT 


0. 


C3rUES^'i2007^'^S■ 


1. 


'  n5P;aT  .e>TOf5V- 


errocjErs. 


•TfK-  Minmun  -  mmn-  ^-godqt,  •  tixcd  • 

•nunsna-  ^-sTOT^ics  -/aeascred-  upyy/^d- 
•rpon-^-mcLODina-i-LPY/EST-  STc«Y-con- 

•TAlTTiQ  •  ^  'APA^Tr^nT'  g  •  GrOnST-  ROor\- 


(Paragraphs   103,   105,   106.) 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING. 


71 


0 


Ml 

Mi 


D 


:% 


^-:p^t7 


lU    0 

a 


r  n3A3naK/noat)' 

bUM0fCI^-3A0QV  _ 

•JSOW-JOWIQTinQ-JO 
(;J.U0l3HaW3aLX3j 


I 

p 
z: 

0 

o 
(Q 


OL-JjoV 


Pi 


^ 


tl 


lU 
0 


r 


few  '"0     i 

'^J^o)  Sufi  "^ 


^    @© 


'  ..0,9C  UVUL-3adW-?30lsr ' 

jLyoi3wwiQ3Lcioxe 


72 


STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL, 


lUO  • 't 

QKaa 
5523 


05^0 
dnao 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING. 


73 


THE  WRONG   WAY. 


PGDLiG  tv^uyy/^ 


VAyDESianCD-  inGOQl^^CTlY- DCC3AUSC: 
^~^IT-  DOnS-nOT-53l20VlDE:-PRIVAOV 


THE   RIGHT  WAY. 


•PUBLIC  •  mLurt^- 


■  /5TRE:E.T.  VAPD  •  OR  •  GOUPT 

one-  or-vAPiooS'SinPLt-MEiTnoD-s- 

TO  •  CORPEGT-  COnDlTIOnS-^SnOV/A' 

in-(A)-PPoviDi/ia'  roK  -CJPiwvGv-.ev- 

ME:>y^S  •  O^-  PRIVATE  •  rtArULV/AV. 

(Paragraph  218.) 


74 


iLLUSTCATYlG-  nCTrtOD-^- 
or- An-  IRREiGULAR  -LOT- 


COMMISSION   OP   IMMIGRATION   AND   HOUSING. 


bSQruo 


r    ^4 


■  c  ;j  II  ^ 
asoyrii 


r 


0 
0 
G 

n 


nipi 


CHS  Id 
96  ^S 


76 


STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL, 


•^0ia:3J-UT-l40QJ 


?    .(Q 

diOh 


■rLooo-AnOLCS- 


\BC  -LOCATED  ■  W ITnrn  -"mtSt  ■  UCVELS 


iLLusTRAnno ■  one-  ncrnoD  of  gomstquctltiq ■AnD-AricrtociriG  Atypc- or-  riRr 

E&CAPE-  rCEQUCAiTC/--  ERECTED  ATlD-Yyi-HCH-COnrORMSTOTYPr+l,  SEC.  65, 
TCnEMEMTnOUaE-ACT.-  •  nOY/EVECTttESIZC  OEMETAll-IG  Mni^DEESOrV^Wn. 
EXCEPTTrtOSC  SPC:GiriGAa-Y-riXE:DDY-3AlD-AOT,  MAY- DC -VARIED-PROVIDED 
TnAT-THEY-APE-CAPADLE-OrSUSTAiril/^O-TnC-DEAD  ATlD-UrVC-  L.OADO ■  REQUIRED     f 
DY-  SAID -ACT--  •riKE-E-SCAPESnuaTBCGACi.anizn}  8  -pAl/'TrED-g-CCvyS-^-DURAPLC  Q'UriT' 


c 


COMMISSION    OP'   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  81 

Suggested  Forms  of  Applications. 


No. 


BUILDING  DEPARTMENT. 


NOTICE  OF  COMPLETION 


(a) ,  Cal., ,  191. _ 

Notice    is    hereby    given    that    the    (b) Building,    for   which 

Building   Permit   No.    was   issued,   located   at   and   known   as 

No.  Street,  this  city,  is  now  completed.     You 

are  hereby  requested  to  make  the  necessary  inspection  and  to  issue  the 
Certificate  of  Final  Completion. 

Mr.  No. Street 

(Owner)  (Address) 


3U     GESTIONS:  Size,  4    inches    by   S'/z   Inches,    made   in    duplicate,    bound    In    books 
of  100. 

(a)  Print  name  of  city. 

(b)  Use   rubber  stamp,   "Tenement    House"   or  "Hotel." 
This  form  may  be  varied  for  alterations,  etc. 


No.. 
HOUSING  OR  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 


APPLICATION  FOR  A  PERMIT  OF  OCCUPANCY 


(a) ,  Cal., 191  — 

You   are   hereby   requested   to   issue   the   Permit   of   Occupancy   for   the 

building  located  at  and  known  as  No. Street, 

this  city.     The  said  building  will  be  used  for  a (b) 

It   contains    (total    number)    rooms,    apartments   of 

rooms  each,  arranged  to  accommodate families;  also 

contains    guest   rooms.     The   other   rooms   are   to   be   used   for 

._^ (c) The  building  is stories  in  height,  and 

is  a (d) building. 

The  owner's  name  is  Mr. 

and  his  address  is  No. Street. 

The  agent's  or  lessee's  name  is  Mr. 

and  his  address  is  No. Street. 

I  hereby  certify  that  all  of  the  above  matters  are  true.  The  building 
above  referred  to  will  be  conducted  and  maintained  in  accordance  with  the 

provisions  of  the  State (e) Act. 

(Sign  here)   

(Owner  or  authorized   agent) 


SUGGESTIONS:  Size,   8   inches   by   11    inches. 

(a)  Print   name   of  city. 

(b)  Use   rubber  stamp,  "Tenement   House"  or  "Hotel." 

(c)  Write  in  the  use  of  rooms,  for  instance,  "2  stores,  1  boiler  room,  1  general 
utility    room." 

(d)  Use    rubber   stamp,    "Fireproof"   or   "Semifireproof"   or   "Wooden. 

(e)  Use   rubber  stamp,  "Tenement   House"  or  "Hotel   and   Lodging    House. 

If  the  size  suggested  is  used  much  additional  information  may  be  requested  on  the 
reverse  side— information  that  may  be  of  value  for  comparison  when  the  permit 
of  occupancy   is  renevs^ed. 

This  form  may  be  varied  for  hotels.  ,  .   -,. 

This  form  may  be  used  also  for  the  requirements  prescribed  in  paragraphs  J39-340, 
State  Housing  Manual. 


82  STATE    HOUSING   MANUAL. 

Suggested  Forms  of  Permits  and  Certificates. 


No. 
BUILDING  DEPARTMENT. 


CERTIFICATE  OF  FINAL  COMPLETION 


(a) ,  Cal., ,  191— 

THIS  CERTIFIES  that  the (b) _._  Building,  located 

at  and  known  as  No. Street,  this 

city,  has  been  inspected  and  found  to  comply  with  all  of  the  provisions  of 
the  State (c) Act. 

Note:   Make  application  to  the  housing  or  health  department  for  a  Permit 
of  Occupancy. 

BUILDING  DEPARTMENT. 

By 

(Title)  (d) 


SUGGESTIONS:  Size,   4   inches    by   6J/2   inches,    made    in   duplicate,    bound    In    books 
of   100. 

(a)  Print  name  of  city. 

(b)  Use  rubber  stamp,  "Tenement  House"  or  "Hotel." 

(c)  Use  rubber  stamp,  "Tenement   House"  or  "Hotel  and   Lodging   House." 

(d)  Print  official's  title. 


No. 
HOUSING  OR  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 


PERMIT  OP  OCCUPANCY 


(a) ,  Cal., ,  191— 

THIS  CERTIFIES  that  the  building  located  at  and  known  as  No. 

Street,  this  city,  may  be  occupied  as 

a (b) in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  the  State (c) Act. 

Note:   This  permit  must  be  renewed  each  calendar  year. 

HOUSING  OR  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 

By 

(Title)  (d) 


SUGGESTIONS:   Size,   4   inches    by   6J/2   Inches,    made    in   duplicate,    bound    in    books 
of  100. 

(a)  Print   name  of  city. 

(b)  Use  rubber  stamp^  "Tenement  House"  or  Hotel." 

(c)  Use  rubber  stamp,  "Tenement  House"  or  "Hotel  and   Lodging   House." 

(d)  Print   official's  title. 


COMMISSION   OF   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING.  83 

Suggested  Form  of  Building  Permit. 


No. 
BUILDING  DEPARTMENT 


BUILDING  PERMIT 


(a) ,  Cal., 191— 

Permission  is  hereby  granted  to 

Mr.   ,  Owner,  and 

Mr.    Contractor, 

to   (b) at 

No.   Street,    this   city. 

All  work  done  by  virtue  of  this  permit  must  conform  to  the  plans  and 

specifications   and   application   filed   in   the   Building   Department   and   the 

provisions   of   the    State   Tenement   House   Act,    State   Hotel   and   Lodging 

House  Act,  or  State  Dwelling  House  Act,  which  apply  to  the  said  building 

or  work,  as  the  case  may  be.     The  provisions  of  the  building  and  housing 

ordinances  of  the  city  of (c) must  also  be 

conformed  to. 

BUILDING  DEPARTMENT. 

By 

Title  (d) 


SUGGESTIONS:  Size   51/2    inches    by   8    inches,    made    in    duplicate,    bound    in    books 
of   100. 

(a)  Print  name  of  city. 

(b)  Write    in    the    purpose   of   the    permit:    for    instance,    "erect    a    3-story    semifire- 

proof  tenement  house." 

(c)  Print  name  of  city. 

(d)  Print  official's  title. 

This   form    may    be   varied,    and    may    t^Tve    added    blank    lines   for   the    cost   of   the 
building,  the  amount  of  fees  collected)  etc. 


84 


STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


Suggested  Form  of  Application  for  Building  Permit. 


CITY  OP (a) 

BUILDING   DEPARTMENT. 


APPLICATION  FOR  A  PERMIT. 


Application  is  hereby  made  for  a  building-  permit  in  accordance  with  the 
description  and  for  the  purposes  hereinafter  set  forth.  This  application  is 
made  subject  to  all  provisions  of  the  state  laws  and  city  ordinances  applicable 
thereto.  The  plans,  drawings  and  specifications  accompanying-  this  application 
are  made  a  part  hereof. 


1. 


Description  of  property  on  which  proposed  [    Lot Block 

building  is  to  be  situated;  in  the  case  of  I    Tract 
an     existing     building,     description     of  | 
property  on  which  it  is  situated.  [ 


No. 


Street 


Purpose  of  building (b) Class (c) 

Number  of  apartments Number  of  families 

Number  of  guest  rooms Total  number  of  rooms 

Owner's   name   

Owner's  address   

Architect's  name  , 

Architect's  address 

Contractor's  name  '. 

Contractor's  address i 

Entire  cost  of  proposed  building  or  work  $ 

Size  of  building x Size  of  lot x 

Number  of  stories  in  height Height  *  to  highest  point feet. 

Materials  of  exterior  walls  (d) 

Materials   of  interior  construction   (e) 

Materials  of  floor  construction (f) 

Materials  of  stairway  construction (g) 

STATE   OF   CALIFORNIA,   { 
COUNTY  OF )   ^^ 

(h) ,   being   first   duly   sworn,   deposes   and   says: 

that  he  is   (authorized  and  empowered  to  make  this  affidavit  for)   the  owner, 

(i) ,    who    makes    the    above    application;    that   the 

application,  plans  and  specifications  herewith  filed  are  true  and  contain  a  cor- 
rect description  of  the  proposed  (j) ,  lot  and  pro- 
posed work. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this 
day  of ,  1917. 


2. 
3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 


Notary   Public,   in  and  for  the  County  of 
.  State  of  Californi.a. 


FOR    DEPARTMENT    USE    ONLY 


PERMIT   NO. 


Plans  and  specifica- 
tions checked  and 
found  to  conform 
to  State  Laws,  etc. 
191__ 

Inspector 


Application     Filed. 
191- 


Permit    Issued. 
191. 


♦Measured  for  fireproof  building  to  highest  point  of  roof;   for  semifire- 
proof  or  wooden  building,  the  ceiling  of  top  story. 


COMMISSION    OF   IMMIGRATION   AND    HOUSING.  85 

Sugg-ested  Form  of  Building  Permit. 

SUGGESTIONS:  Size.  8  inches   by   13  inches. 

(a)  Print  name  of  city. 

(b)  Use  rubber  stamp,  "Tenement   House"  or  "Hotel." 

(c)  Use  rubber  stamp,  "Fireproof,"  "Semifireproof"  or  "Wooden." 

(d)  Write  in,  for  instance,  "Brick,"  "Concrete"  or  "Wood." 

(e)  Write  In,  for  instance,  "Concrete"  or  "Wood  and  metal   lath  and   plaster." 

(f)  Write  In,  for  instance,  same  as  "(e)." 

(g)  Write  in,  for  instance,  same  as  "(e)." 

(h)    Write  in  the  name  of  the   person  who  mal<es  the  affidavit. 

(I)    Write  in  the  name  of  the  owner,   if  some  one  other  than  the  owner  makes  the 
affidavit. 

(j)    Use  rubber  stamp,  "Tenement   House"  or  "Hotel." 

This  is  a  short  form  of  application,  printed  on   one  side  only. 

Much  additional  valuable  and  desirable  information  could  be  requested  by  using 
the  reverse  side  of  the  application;  for  instance,  data  as  to  the  character  of  the  soil 
upon  which  the  building  is  proposed  to  be  carried;  sizes,  depths,  etc.,  of  the  founda- 
tions and  footings;  materials  for  the  construction  of  elevator,  and  vent  shafts,  courts 
and  chimneys;  kind  and  method  of  fireproofing;  location  of  fire  escapes  and  stair- 
ways, and  similar  information  that  would  tend  to  enlighten  the  plan  examiner  as  to 
the  more   important  features  of  the   construction  of  the   building. 

A  lot  plan  showing  the  abutting  street  or  streets  and  all  buildings  or  structures 
thereon,  or  proposed  to  be  erected,  indicating  the  purposes  for  which  they  are 
used,  or  proposed  to   be  used,  should   be  required   in  all  cases. 

The  plans  filed  should  clearly  show  the  arrangement  of  all  floors,  giving  the 
dimensions  of  rooms,  windows,  hallways,  stairways,  courts,  yards  and  projections 
Into  courts  or  yards,  the  ceiling  heights,  the  height  of  the  building  and  similar 
matters. 

This  form  of  application  may  be  varied  for  use  of  alterations,  reconstruction,  etc. 


C— 4  0714 


86 


STATE    HOUSING    MANUAL. 


HANDY    TABLE. 

Giving  tlie  IVlinimum  Number  of  Fire  Escapes  Required  for  Tenement  Houses  of 
IVlore  Than  Two  Stories  in  Heighit,  Containing  IVIore  Than  Three  Apartments, 
and  Hoteis  of  IVIore  Than  Two  Stories  in  Height,  in  Ratio  to  Superficial  Floor 
Area. 


Class  of  buildings 

Floor  area  in  square  feet 

Number  of 

fire  escapes 

required 

"Fireproof 

or 

"Semiflreproof" 

or 

"Wooden" 

1  to    3,000  square  feet 

3,001  to    7,000  square  feet 

7,001  to  11,000  square  feet 

11,001  to  15,000  square  feet 

15,001  to  19,000  square  feet 

19,001  to  23,000  square  feet 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

23,001  to  27,000  square  feet 

27,001  to  31,000  square  feet 

7 
8 

Note. — Larger  floor  areas  are  computed  in  the  same  ratio. 

Note. — There  are  many  provisions  in  the  State  Housing  Laws  regulating  the  con- 
struction and  location  of  fire  escapes. 

Note. — The  above  table  applies  to  buildings  hereafter  erected. 


HANDY   TABLE. 

Giving    IVlinimum    Number   of   Stairways    Required    for   Tenement    Houses    and    Hotels 
of    IVIore   Than   One   Story   in    Height,   According   to  the   Class   of    Building,    In    Ratio 
to  Superficial   Floor  Area. 


Class  of  buildings 

Floor  area  in  square  feet 

Number  of 
stairways 
required 

"Fireproof 

1  to    6,000  square  feet 

2 

Tenement  house 

6,001  to  12,000  square  feet— . 

2 

or 

12,001  to  18,000  square  feet... 

3 

Hotel. 

18,001  to  24,000  square  feet  „ 

4 

24,001  to  30,000  square  feet... 

5 

"Semiflreproof 

1  to    4,000  square  feet  — . 

2 

Tenement  house 

4,001  to    8,000  square  feet— 

2 

or 

8,001  to  12,000  square  feet— 

3 

Hotel. 

12,001  to  16,000  square  feet... 

4 

16,001  to  20,000  square  feet 

5 

20,001  to  24,000  square  feet 

6 

24,001  to  28,000  square  feet 

7 

"Wooden" 

1  to    3,000  square  feet 

2 

Tenement  house 

3,001  to    6,000  square  feet 

2 

or 

6,C01  to    9,000  square  feet 

3 

Hotel, 

9,001  to  12,000  square  feet 

4 

includes    all   buildings  not 

12,001  to  15,000  square  feet          

5 

fully    complying    with    the 

15,001  to  18,000  square  feet 

6 

requirements  of  "flreproof" 

18,001  to  21,000  square  feet— — 

7 

or     "semiflreproof     build- 
ings. 

21.001  to  24,000  square  feet 

24,001  to  27,000  square  feet 

8 
9 

Note. — Larger  floor  areas  are  computed  in  the  same  ratios. 

Note. — Tliere  are  many  provisions  in  tlie  State  Housing  Laws  regulating  the  con- 
sti'uction  and  location  of  stairways. 

Note. — The  above  table  applies  to  buildings  hereafter  erected. 


COMMISSION    OP   IMMIGRATION    AND    HOUSING. 


HANDY  TABLE. 

Giving    Minimum    Number   of   Plumbing    Fixtures    Required    for   Tenement 
Houses  and    Hotels. 


Kind  of  fixture 

Minimum  number  reauired  for  tenement  houses 

Water-closets    

1  in  each  apartment. 

1  in  each  apartment;  or  1  for  each  3  apartments,  if 
located  on  the  same  floor  and  accessible  from  each 
of  the  apartments  through  a  public  hallway. 

1  in  each  kitchen  in  each  apartment. 

Sufficient  in  number  to  wash  yards,  courts  and  pas- 
sageways. 

Each  plumbing  fixture  and  faucet  must  be  provided 
with  running  water. 

Bath  tubs  or  showers.. 
Kitchen  sinks 

Faucets    

Running  water  . 

Kind  of  fixture 

Minimum  number  reauired  for  hotels 

Water-closets    

1  for  each  sex,  on  each  floor. 

1  for  each  10  guest  rooms  or  fractional  part  thereof 
on    each   floor,   not   equipped   with   private  water- 
closets.    Must  oe  located  on  a  public  hallway,  and 
be  accessible  from  each  guest  room  through  the  pub- 
lic  hallway,    and  not   more   than   100  feet   distant 
from  the  door  of  each  guest  room  served. 

1  for  each  20  employees  of  each  sex. 

1  for  each  10  guest  rooms  or  fractional  part  thereof 
on   each    floor,   not   equipped   with   private   baths. 
Must  be  located  on  a  public  hallway  and  be  access- 
ible from  each  such  guest  room  through  the  public 
hallway. 

1  on  each  floor. 

Sufficient  in  number  to  wash  yards,  courts  and  pas- 
sageways. 

Each  plumbing  fixture  and  faucet  must  be  provided 
with  running  water. 

Water-closets    

Water-closets    

Bath  tubs  or  showers.. 
Slop  sinks  

Running  water 

Note. — Special  requirements  in  dormitories.  See  paragraph  302,  State  Hoilsing 
Manual,  or  Section  62,  State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act. 

Note. — The  above  tables  apply  to  buildings  hereafter  erected.  There  are  certain 
requirements  for  existing  buildings.  See  text  of  State  Housing  Manual  or  refer  to 
copies  of  the  law. 

Note. — There  are  many  provisions  in  the  State  Housing  Laws  regulating  the  Instal- 
lation of  plumbing  and  the  construction  of  water-closet  compartments,  bath',  slop  sink 
and  shower  rooms. 


t 

{ 


88 


STATE   HOUSING   MANUAL. 


o  '"  ^ 


03  03  «H  2-1-'+^ 

_i  «  5  a     -^ 
c  _' 
S  o 

OS 


^  w  „  »        03  ^^ 

~  ."    O  .-H  4J  *© 


•o  o 
t>>  o 


c  =  cS 

C  33  C 


B-aS 


(Px:  0^  c  o  ^ 
^  ^  „  S  .2 

^+J   03 'C  03^5 
So  a^u-,  ^  r' 


-•->  Q  O  '-I 


DC  aj  ^  C3 

-a     — 
•  <o  o  u  O 

O  -S  .-  '-I  +^  o 


^' 


00»H(M'S<tOOOQIM'^«0 
.-(»H.-l.-4.-l.-li-(^(N<M<M 


.00  03004  031 


■^TlilOCDOOOlMeO'* 


>-lT-IC<|-^?D0O0OCC> 


B^S 


C    CE3    ^    £ 


s    , 


9d  < 

BtU 


B     ^ 

3J=  » 


t~  Cq  S  io  O  (M ' 
.-I  T-i  M  rp  «0  C 


■^■^»OCOOOO(MM-^ 


Xoocococoaicoaif-i 

^ 'f^ 'n 'i^ 't^ 's^ 'Cf^  S 
oooooco, 

OWcoEBoQaii/iinO 

,-ie<5"a"rttot^oo050 


o)  3 


qj         C        "         " 


5     o    "" 


■^  O) 


O         OJ 


c      c 


at* 

o 

£1 

3 
^ 

^  01 

c 
o 

0) 

Cfli 

^ 

o 

0)45 

0) 

^5 


m 

Si  <u 

Oirt 

3 

to  o 

S.2 


3^ 
o  aj 

r  a 

P  01 

o 
<u  X 

£  O) 


ti3  O  Q.  ij  a 

O  "  C«           ^  (0 

••  >  c  mS  E^ 

?;j  bj)>  e  tH  ^ 

S  P  n  S  <" 


'o'O    0) 
^lOi    4 


Sd 


S     -2 


c3       OJ       2 


H  d  m   H.ti   h 

■5^     o 


s-^  o. 

dS   t. 
ci'^   d 

oK  .. 

05  d  e 
£m  "^  . 

d  ^^  t» 

•^     I  *-     I  _ 


INDEX  TO  STATE  HOUSING  LAWS. 

(As   recompiled   in   this   manual.) 


NOTE. — Always  refer  to  the  entire  section  containing  the  paragraph  or  para- 
graphs indicated.  Do  not  construe  the  verbiage  used  in  the  Index  as  law, 
because  some  of  the  terms  used  may  differ  from  the  provisions  of  the  laws. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Abatement  of  nuisances,  violations,  procedure 

Absolute  minimum  of  requirements 

Accessibility  of,  addresses  filed 

bathtubs   and  showers 

corridors,  passageways  

courts,  vent  shafts,  for  cleaning 

Are  escapes,  hallways  to 

hallways  

names  filed  

rear  yards,  how,  construction 

stairways  and  ladders 

standpipes   and  valves 

water-closets  

Accumulation  of,  debris  prohibited,  when 

garbage   prohibited,    when   ,- 

rubbish,   filth  prohibited,   when 

Act,  title  of  laws 

Action  to  prevent   violations,   procedure,   when 

Additional  rooms,  hallways,  ceiling  heights  of 

Additions   not  exempt,  when 

Addresses,    owners,    agents,   lessees,   others — file 

Administrator  files  notice,  when 

Afiidavit  required,  when 

application  for  permits,  when 

building  permit  applications 

who  makes  same,  must  allege  what 

Agents,  file  notice,  when... 

name  and  address  filed,  when 

of   commission   immigration   and  housing   authorized  to   enter 

buildings    

of  owner  authorized  enter  buildings,  when 

Air,  time  of  change,  fan  exhaust  ventilation 

Air  ducts,  vent  shafts,  size,  construction 

Air  intakes,  arrangement,  construction  of,  general 

aggregate    areas    of 

cleaning,  draining  of,  how 


construction  of 

ends  of,  gate,  grill,  screens  for,  when. 

heights,    minimum    of 

inner  courts  require 

location  of  

number  required  


sizes  of  

vent  shafts  require,  size,  construction  of 

when  courts  do  not  extend  below  second  floor- 


widths,  minimum  of 

A'eovs  (see  Recesses  from  rooms) 

Alterations,  basement  rooms  for  living,  sleeping. 

building  department  enforces  laws 

cellar  rooms  for  living,  sleeping,  prohibited... 

clianges   in   old  buildings  must  conform 

contrary  to  law,  unlawful 


16,  333 

341 

338 

200.  205 

226 

107,  283 

259.  289' 

226 

338 

100 

226,  241 

271 

183,  193 

119,  323 

119,  323 

119,  323 

1 

16,333 

304 

9,  196,  208 

336,  337 

336 

17,18 

17,18 

17,18 

18 

336,  337 

336,  337 


226 

238 

100 

226.  2« 

271 
187, 184 
119,  323 
119,  323 
119,  323 

1 

16,  333 

304 

9,  196,  208 

336,  337 

336 

17,18 

17,18 

17,18 

18 

336,  337 

336,  337 


127,  323 

127,  323 

127,  323 

1 

16,  333 

10 


31 

31 

31.33 

32 

32 

32,  33 

168 

295 

282 

282 

109  to 

109  to 

114,  282 

114,  282 

109,  282 

109,  282 

114 

114 

109  to 

109  to 

114,  282 

114,  282 

112,  282 

112,  282 

111 

111 

109 

109 

109,  110 

109,  110 

109 

109 

109,  111, 

109,  111, 

113,282 

113,282 

282 

282 

113 

113 

\  111,  113, 

111,  113 

282 

282 

28  to  132 

134  to  137 

117 

117 

117 

2 

2 

2 

115 

115 

115 

9.  n 

9.  11 

10,  H 

8,  9,  11 

8,  9,  11 

8.  10,  11 

90 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=:  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Paragraph  numbers 


H. 


Alterations— Continued. 

converting  old  buildings,  must  conform 

in  dormitories  must  conform 

in  existing  buildings  must  conform 

in  existing   buildings   required,    when 

required,  existing  buildings 

required,  existing  dormitories,  when 

rooms  in  basements 

rooms  in  cellars,  when  prohibited 

Amending  laws,  lesser  requirements,  not  allowed- 

\mus°ment  rooms,  ceiling  heights  of 

construction  of,   general 

construction  of,  reference 

living  in  prohibited,  when 

sleeping   in,   prohibited,   when 

ventilation  of,  by  fan  exhaust  system 


windows  required,  sizes  of,  when. 


Anchorage  of  fire  escapes  to  building 

Animals,  keeping  certain  kinds  prohibited 

Apartment,   definition  of 

design  of  relation  stairways,  fire  escapes 

kitchen    sink    in 

privacy  in,  design  of 

rooms  in,  sizes  of 

sizes  of  rooms  in 

water-closet  in  

Apartment  house  (see  tenement  house) 

Application,   aflBdavit  required,  when 

for  certificate  of  completion 

for  permit  of  occupancy 

to  alter,  how  obtained,  contains 

to  build,  how  obtained,  contains.. 

to  construct,  how  obtained,  contains 

to  convert,  how  obtained,  contains 

to  move,  how  obtained,  contains 

to  reconstruct,  how  obtained,  contains 

Approved,    definition    of 

material,  appliance,  appurtenance,  etc 

Areas  of  (under  various  headings  in  index). 

Areaways,  drainage  of,   paving  of,   when 

Arrangement  of  beds  in  dormitories 

Arrangement  of,  building  department  enforces 

Articles,  dangerous  kinds,  keeping  of  prohibited 

of  combustible  nature,  detrimental  life,  health 

Artificial  illumination  required,  when 

Ashes,  depositing  of  except  in  place  provided,  prohibited. 

receptacles  for,  kind,  covers,  etc 

Asphalt,  similar  material,  paving  required,  when 

Attic  rooms,  ceiling  heights  of,  when 

Authority  to  enter  dwellings,  limited 

Authorized  to  enter  buildings,  premises,  when 

Automobile  garages,  construction  of,  when 

garages,  prohibited,  when 

repair    shop,    construction    of 

repair  shop,   prohibited,   when 

storage   room,   construction   of 

Bachelor  hotels  (see  Hotels) 

Bakery,  construction,  maintenance  of 

Balconies,  fire  escape  (see  Fire  escapes). 

Balconies  may  extend  Into  yards,  courts,  when 

Pfirbof  .shop,  may  be  ventilated,   exhaust  system 

Barber  shop,  window  area  required. 

Barber  shop,    windows   required   in 


9,  11 
305,  306 
305,  303 


117 
115 
341 
170 
161  to  170 
133 
170 
170 
163 
143, 
164,165 

263 
328 

39 
218 
201,  205 
183 
128 
128 
184 

75 
17,18 

26 

27 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 
■  40 

40 

316 


2 

327 

327 
\  116-118, 
^  310,  311 

324 

320 

316 

130 


\    30,  31, 
I   32 
290,291 
328 


328 
290,  291 


6S.  79, 
95,  97 


11 

297  to  303 

9,11 
305,  303 
305,306 
298,  303 

117 

115 

341 

173 
171  to  173 

138 

173 

173 
149,  293 
145,  146, 
148,  159, 
171, 172 

263 

328 


17,18 
26 
27 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
40 
40 

316 

299 
2 

327 

327 
116-118, 
310,  311 

324 

321 

316 

134 


30,  31, 

32 
292 

292 

292 
57 


149,  293 
156.  157 

\  145,  146, 

\     148 


INDEX. 


91 


SUBJECT 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Basement,  a  story,  relation  heights  of  buildings. 

ceiling  heights  of  above  ground 

cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

dampprooflng  of  walls,  floors,  when 

definition    of    

entrance  to  from  outside 

excavations  adjoining,  minimum  widths  of 

illumination   of,    when 

is    a    story,    when 

living   in,    certain   requirements 

plastering    of,    when 

rooms,    altering,   converting,   etc 

sleeping   in,   certain   requirements 

ventilation    of    

waterproofing  of  walls,  floors,  when 

Bath,    Turkish   bath 

Bathrooms,   ceiling  heights  of 

cleanliness,    sanitation    of 


87 

41, 117 

323 

118 

41 

223 

41 

118 

41,87 

117,  118 

118 

117 

117,  118 

118 

118 


construction    of    

sleeping   in    prohibited 

ventilation   of,    fan   exhaust   system. „ 
windows  in,   may  open  to  vent  shaft. 

windows   in,    required,    sizes,    etc 


Bathtubs,  need  not  be  installed,   when- 
required   in   existing   buildings 


showers,    location    of. 


showers,    number    required. 


Bedbugs,  lice  in  beds,  bedding  prohibited 

Bed  linen,  change  required,  when 

Beds,    bedding,    cleanliness  of 

double  tiers  of,  in  dormitories,  when 

frames   of,    in    dormitories 

spacing,  vertical,  horizontal,   in  dormitories 

Blankets,    cleanliness    of    

Board    Fire    Underwriters'    approval 

Boarders    are    guests,    when 

Boiler   heating   building,    construction   of   room 

location  of,    relation   stairways 

Boiler-room,    construction    of 

Bottles,  depositing  of,  except  in  place  provided,  prohibited 

Bowls,    water-closets,    kind    of 1 

Bugs,  insects,   disinfecting  when 

Building,   definition  of 

Building  department,   definition  of 

Building  department   enforces   laws,   when 

Building  department  issues  certificat°   of  final  completion 

Building  is  a  "rear  tenement  houso"   or  "rear  hotel,"  when 

Building   occupied,   without   a   certificate   and   permit,    a   nuisance 

when    

Building  of,  building  department  enforces 

Building   of,   contrary  to   law,   imlawful 

Building   permit   required,    when 

Buildings— converted,  moved,  altered  subject  to  laws,  when 

damaged   by   elements   (51%)   must  conform 

damaged  by  fire  (51%)  must  conform 

horeafter  erected,    altered,   etc.,   require  certificate 

hereafter  erected,  altered,  etc.,  requir"  permit 

housing  persons  under  restraint,   not  hotels,   when 

moved,   must  conform,   certain  provisions 

on  lot  with  sloping  ground,  hoights 

Biu''ding  upon,   contrary   to  law.   unlawful 

Biisin''ss  wher"  fat   is  boil'd.  etc..  con.Ktruf tion.  maintenance  of.. 

Businesses,    c°rtaiii    kinds,    prohibited,    when 

Calcimining  rooms,  light  colored  material,  when... 


131 
323 
185,  186, 
202 
309 


144 
)  143,  144, 
I     162 

212 
205,  208 
\  200,  205, 
}     208 
\  200,  205, 
{     208 

325 


325 


325 
40 


285  to  288 

228 

285  to  288 

324 

214 

314 

42 

43 


87 

41,  117 

323 

118 

41 

223 

41 

118 

41,87 

117,  118 

118 

117 

117,  118 

118 

118 

57,76 

135 

323 

190,  191, 

204 

309 

147,  293 

147 

145  to  148: 

162 

212 

206,  208 

203.  208, 

208 
203,  205, 
208 
325 
326 
325 
299 
301 
299 
325 
40 
55 
285  to  288 

228 

285  to  288 

324 

214 

314 

42 

43 

2 

2 

71 


41,  117 
323 
118 
41 

41 

118 

117,  118 
118 
117 

117,  118 
118 
118 

142 
323 


309 

152 
150  to 
152,  163 

212 


8 

s 

17 

17 

11 

11 

13 

13 

13 

13 

23 

23 

17,23 

17,  23 

57 

12 

12 

88 

8.8 

8 

8 

329 

327  to  329 

.■^27 

312 

312 

324 

2ie 

314 
42 
43 
2 


92 


INDEX, 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


T. 


Call,   keeping  of  prohibited,   when 

Cans,  depositing  of,  except  place  provided,  prohibited. 

for  garbage,   ashes,  etc.,  required,  when 

Carpets,    cleanliness,    sanitation   of 

Causing  laws  to  be  violated,  unlawful 

Ceilings,   additional  rooms,   haUways,  heights  of 

amusement    rooms,    heights    of 

automobile    garages,    construction    of 

automobile  storage  rooms,   construction  of 

basements,  plastering,   heights  of,   when 

bath,   shower   rooms,   heights   of 

boiler  rooms,  furnace  rooms,  construction  of 

cellars,   heights,   plastering  of,   when 

cleanliness  of,   sanitation  of 

closets,  dressing  rooms,  heights  of 

dining  rooms,   heights   of 

dormitory,    heights   of   

double    required,    boiler,    furnace    rooms 

double  required,   garages,   machine,   repair  shops... 

entertainment  rooms,   heights  of 

hallways,  lathing,  plastering  of,  when 


328 
324 
320 
323 
8 
304 
170 
290 
290 
118 
131 
285 
116 
314,  323 
131 


heights    of 


lathing  of  in— automobile  storage  rooms 

boiler,    furnace   rooms,    etc 

garages,    machine,    repair  shops 

public  hallways  

semiflreproof   buildings  

wooden   buildings   

painting,  papering,  caleimining  of,  when 

plastering   of,    automobile   storage   rooms 

basements,    when    

boiler,    furnace   rooms 

cellars,   when  

garages,   machine,  repair  shops 

semiflreproof   buildings   

wooden   buildings   

reception   rooms,   heights   of 

recesses  from  rooms,  alcoves,  heights  of 

rooms,    heights    of 

water-closets,   slop-sink  rooms,   heights  of 

Cellars,    cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

dampproofing  of  walls,  floors,  when 

definition    of    

entrance   to   from   outside 

illumination    of,    when 

living    in    prohibited 

plastering    of,    when 

rooms,   altering,  converting,  etc.,  living,  sleeping,  prohibited. 

sleeping    in    prohibited 

ventilation     of     

waterproofing    of    walls,    ceilings,    when — 

Cement  plaster  flreprooflng,  when 

Cement  plaster  required,  inner  court  walls,  when 

Cement  plaster  required,  vent  shafts,  when 

Certificate    of   completion,    application,    notice,    for 

building    department    issues 

duplicate   remains   on   file 

is  required,  when  

issued   after  inspection,  when 

orcupancy    without    is    unlawful 

Cesspool,  construction  of,  use  of,  when , 

eontrnry    to    law,    unlawful 1 

for   drainage   water,   when 

Change  of  air.  time  of  exhaust  ventilating  system 

Changes,   existing  buildings,   contrary  law,   unlawful 


285 


170 

78 

f   41,117, 

■{  130, 131, 

[    170 

290 

285 

290 

78 

72 

78 
312 
290 
118 
285 
116 
290 

72 

78 
170 
131 
130 
131 
323 
116 

44 
223 
116 
115,  309 
116 
115 
115,  309 
116 
116 

54 
284 
280 

26 

2 

28 

23 

26 

29 
210 

8 
212   ] 
168 
8.9 


328 
324 
321 
323 
8 
304 
173 
292 
292 
118 
135 
285 
116 
314,  323 
135 
173 
299 
285 
292 
173 

78 
41,  117, 
134,  135, 
173 
292 
285 
292 

78 

72 

78 
312 
292 
118 
285 
116 
292 

72 

78 
173 
135 
134 
135 
323 
116 

44 
223 
116 
115,  309 
116 
115 
115,  309 
116 
116 

54 
284 
280 
26 

2 
28 
23 
26 
29 
210 

8 
212 
295 
8.9 


INDEX. 


93 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


Charter,  ordinances  of  municipality  governs  procedure,  when. 

Chicken,  keeping  of,  prohibited,   when 

Chief  inspector  of  buildings  is  building  department,  when 

Chute  for  garbage,   approval  of 

Chute  typs  fire  escape,   construction  of 

Circular    stairways    prohibited 

Cities,  empowered  designate  other  departments  enforce  laws 


may   enact  supplementary   ordinances,   laws- 


may   impose    further   restrictions- 


City   ordinances  imposing   further   restrictions   not   affected- 
ordinances  inconsistent  with  state  laws  ineffective 


Cleanliness  of,   beds,   bedding 

courts,    arrangement    for 

ducts,    exhaust   ventilation   system 

garbage   chutes    

garbage,    similar    receptacles 

repainting,    calcimining,   repapering,    when 

requirements,    general    

sanitation    of    plumbing   fixtures 

under  lowest  or  ground  floor 

vent    shafts,    arrangement    for 

when    repapering,    repainting 

Closets,   ceiling   heights   of 

cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

living,   cooking  in,  prohibited,  when 

sizes    of    

sleeping  in  prohibited,  when 

under  stairs,    construction   of,   when 

under    stairs    prohibited,    when 

Clubs,   public,   private,    are   hotels 

Code  of  Civil  Procedure,  serving  notices,  when 

Combustible    articles,   keeping   of   prohibited 

Commencing  work  without  permit,  unlawful,  when 

Commission  Immigration   and   Housing,   empowered  enforce  laws, 

when    

Commissioner  of  buildings,   is  building  department,  when 

Committing    nuisances,    violations,    unlawful 

Compensation   for   guest  rooms,   payment  of.   how 

Complete  change   of   air,   when,   exhaust   ventilating  system 

Completion,    certificate    of,    issued    building   department 

Completion    certificate,    notice,    application    for 

Completion    certificate    required,    when 


16 

328 
43 

320 

255 

230 
6 
J  341,  342, 
I     343 
\  341,  342, 
I     343 
J  341,  342, 
/     343 
\  341,  342, 
I     343 

325 

107 

167 

320 

320 

312 
323,324 

324 

119 
107,  283 

314 

131 

323 

307 

131 

309 

235 

235 


340 

327 

17 

7 
43 


Concrete  floors,  boiler  and  auto  storage  rooms.— 

Concrete  paving  required,   when 

Connections,    gas,    water,    kind    of 

Connections   plumbing,   lead,    iron,   steel,   brass. 
Continuous    stairways    required,    how 

Construction    of,    air   intakes 


amusement,    entertainment,    reception,    dining   rooms, 
bakery,   business   where   fat   is   boiled 


bath,   shower,   slop-sink   rooms 

boiler    rooms    

building    department    enforces 

contrary    law,    unlawful 

door   frame,   trim,   etc.,   penthouse,   roof  structure- 
doors    in   boiler   rooms 

doors  in   shafts 

dormitories    

dwellings,    general    .,.,,--,.-, , ,-.. — 


168 
2 
26 
26 
\  285,  290, 
I     292 
316 
214 
214 
231 
I  109  to 
)  114,  2,S2 
161  to  170 

329 
\  131, 185, 
}  186,  202 
285  to  288 
2 
8 
239,  240 
288  to  288 
276  to  279 


16 

328 

43 

321 

255 

230 

6 

341,  342, 

343 
341,  342, 

343 
341,  342, 

343 
341,  342, 

343     ; 

325        I 

107        ' 

294 

321 

321        , 

312 
323,  324 

324 

119 
107,  283 

314 

135 

323 

307 

138 

309 

235 

235 
57 

340 

327 
17 

7 
43 
8 
57 
295 
2 

26 
26 
285,  290, 
292 
316 
214 
214 
231 
109  to  114, 

282 
171  to  173 

135,  190, 
191.  204 
285  to  288 
2 
8 
239,  240 
2S6  to  288 
276  to  279 
\  139,  297 
}  to  303 


16 
331 
43 


6 
341,  342, 

!   343 
341,  342, 

343 
341,  342, 

343 
341,  342, 
:   343 


322 
322 

323,  324 
324 
127 

314 

323 

309 


94 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.^  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


T. 


Construction  of— Continued. 

exhaust    draft    ventilating    system 

fire  escape,   type  1 

fire  escape,   type  2 

fire  escape,   type  3 _ 

fire  escape,  type  4 

fire  escape,  type  5 

fireproof    hotel,    general 

fireproof  tenement  house,   general 

floors,    automobile    storage    rooms 

floors    of    kitchens,    when 

floors,    walls,    boiler   rooms 

ground    or   lowest   floor 

inner    court    walls 

passageway   to  rear  yard 

penthouses,    roof    structures,    when 

plumbing    connections,    general 

porches   through   which   windows   open 

privy    substituting    for    plumbing,    when 

providing  two  means  of  egress  from  apartments,  rooms,  how. 

ratprooflng  of  floors,  when 

recesses  from  court,  yards,  streets 

rooms    in    basements 

ssmiflreproof    hotel,    general 

semiflreproof   tenement   house,   general 

shafts,   vent  shafts,   elevator,   etc 

shelter    over    privy,    when 

stairways,   general   

ventilating    fan    system 

walls,  floors  of  cellars  or  basements 


163  to  169 
245  to  253 

254 

255 

256 

257 


285 
119  to  125 

284 

100 
238  to  240 
213  to  215 

144 

212 

218 
119  to  125 

108 

117 


water-closet    compartments 


wooden    hotel,    general 

wooden   tenement   house,   general 

Conversion  of,  basements  for  living,  sleeping,  how 

building  department  enforces  

buildings  for,  must  conform 

cellars,  living,  sleeping  in,   prohibited 

contrary  law  unlawful   

dormitories   

permit   for,   required   when 

Cooking,  prohibited  anywhere  detrimental,  insanitary 

prohibited    except    in   kitchen,    where 

prohibited  in  bath  rooms 

prohibited  in  closet,  recess  from  room,  dressing  room,  when. 

prohibited   in   shower,   slop-sink,   toilet   rooms 

prohibited   in  water-closet   compartments 

prohibited,    where 

Corner  lot,   definition  of.— 

percentage    remain    unoccupied 

rear  yard  

street  computed  part  of  lot,  when 

street  computed  part  rear  yard,  when 

Cornice,  may  project  into  court,  how  much 

may  project  into  court,  yard,  when 

opening  for  goose-neck  ladder,   size 

projections    into   courts,    yards 

projections,   occupied  space,   when 

Corporation,    is    a    person,    when 

Corridor  is   public   hallway,   when 

Costs,  expenses  of  prosecution  fixed  by  court. 

Costs   of  prosecution,   violator  liable   for 

Cotton,   keeping  of,   requires  permit 

Counterbalanced,  fire  escape  ladder  to  ground,  when 

Counties,  empowered  designate  who  enforces  laws 

enforce   laws,    when,    where 

may   enact  supplementary   ordinances,   laws .- 

may  impose  further  restrictions 


72 
274  to  283 

212 
219  to  234 
163  to  168 

116-118 
3  131,  185, 
?  186 


77,78 

117 

2 

11 

115 


17 
307 


307 
307 
307 
307 
307 

61 

89 

97 

89 

98 

46 

68 

251 

46,68 

68 

61 

70 

15 

15 

327 

248 

8 

."i 

341 

341,  343 


293  to  295 
245  to  253 

254 

255 

256 

257 
54 

292 

.308 

285 
119  to  125 

284 

100 
238  to  240 
213  to  215 

148 

212 

218 
119  to  125 

108 

117 
72 

274  to  283 

212 

219  to  234 

293  to  295 

116-118 

135,  189, 

190,  191 

77,78 

117 

2 

11 

115 

8 

297  to  303 

17 

308 

308 

307 

307 

307 

307 

307 

61 

99 

99 
46 

251 
46  68 

69 

70 

15 

15 

327 

24S 

6 

•■'    i 
341    I 

341,848 


127 


216,  217 
152 


117 
2 

11 
115 


307 
307 
307 
307 
307 


151 
151 


151 


INDEX. 


95 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


County   officials   enforce  laws,   when,   where 

County  ordinances  imposing  further  restrictions  not  affected.. 

County  recorder  cancels  notice  of  pendency,  when 

Court  having  jurisdiction  fixes  costs  of  prosecution 

Courts,   air  intakes   to,   construction  of 

cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

definition    of    

diminishing  size  of,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

inner  court,  construction  of 

inner  courts,  sizes  of 


measured  upward  lowest  story,  containing  rooms- 
outer  courts,   sizes   of 


passageways    to,    construction    of- 


projections    into    

unobstructed    to    sky 

walls,  light  color  or  painted,  whitewashed,  when 

yards    for    two    buildings 

Covering  on  walls,   removal  of,   when 

Cow,   keeping  of  prohibited,   when 

Curb   level,    definition   of - 

Cut-off  from  hallway,  is  public  hallway,  when 

Cutoff  valves,  when  required,  location  of 

Damaged  buildings,  fire,  elements  (51%)  must  conform 

Dampprooflng,  basement  walls,  floors,  when 

cellar   walls,    floors,    when 

Dangerous  articles,   keeping  of  prohibited 

Dangerous  to  life,  nuisance,  when 

Date    laws    effective 

Dead   loads,   relation   fire   escape  construction 

Debris,   accumulation  of  prohibited,  when 

Decision    unconstitutionality    one,    more    sections    does    not    affect 

entire    law    

Defective,   water-closet  may  be  replaced,  how 

Definitions    

apartment    

approved    

basement    

building    

building    department    

cellar    

corner   lot   

court    

curb    level   

department     

depth    of    lot 

dormitory    

dwelling    

family    

fire   commissioner  

fireproof   hotel   

fireproof    tenement    house 

front    of    lot 

front    yard    

guest    — - 

guest   room    

health  department  

hotel     

housing   department   

inner  court  

interior    lot    

kitchen    

lodging  house  (see  Hotel) 

lot    -— -- 


5 

341,342 

335 

15 

109  to  114 

323 

45 

9 

284 

105,  106 

\    46,  103 

I  to  106 

103,  104 

J  111,  112, 

(  113,  316 

46 

46 

313 

92 

314 

328 

47 

177 

214 

13 

118 

116 

327 

67 

345 

261  to  265 

119,  323 

344 

197 

34  to  80 

39 

40 

41 

42 

38,43 

44 

61 

45,46 

47 

48 

63 


5 

341,  342 

335 

15 

109  to  114 

323 

45 

9 

284 

105,  106 

46,  103 

to  106 

103,  104 

111,  112, 

113,  316 

46 

46 

313 

92 

314 

328 

47 

177 

214 

13 

118 

116 

327 

67 

345 

261  to  266 

119,  323 


341,  342 
335 


151 


314 

331 
47 


118 


67 
345 


127,  323 


344 


344 
197        I 
34  to  80     34  to  80 
39 


40 

41 

41 

42 

42 

38,43 

38,43 

44 

44 

61 

45,46 

47 

47 

48 

48 

63 

49 

50,51.52 

53 

3,58 


38,58 
43 

61.62 
59 


corner  lot  .„ 
depth  of  lot. 
front    of    lot. 


38 
54 

64 
80 
55 
56 

38,58 
57 

38,58 
45 

61,62 

57 
60 
61 


55 

56 

38,58 

38,58 


96 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Definitions— Continued, 
interior   lot   ... 

rear   lot    

rear  of  lot 


nuisance    

occupied  space  

outer   court   

person    

public  hallway   

rear  hotel   

rear   lot    

rear  of  lot 

rear    tenement    house 

rear  yard   

semiflreproof    hotel   

semiflreproof  tenement   house- 
shall    

side  yard  

street    

tenement  house  

Turkish    bath    

wooden  hotel  

wooden   tenement  house 

yard    

front  yard  

rear  yard  

side  yard  


10 


Department — decides  when  plumbing  need  not  be  installed 

decides  when  standpipes  need  not  be  installed 

definition    of   

may  apply,  order  execute,  carry  out  law,  how 

may  institute  appropriate  action,  prevent  violations,  how. 

may    order    insanitary    plumbing    removed 

of  health,  is  housing  department,  when 

officers  of,  not  liable  for  costs,  when 

Depth   of  lot,   definition   of 

Description  of  property,  notice  to  be  filed 

Design  of  apartment,  relation  to  privacy 

Design  of  building,  relation  egress  for  apartments,  rooms 

Detention  buildings  are  not  hotels,  when 

Detrimental  to  health,  nuisance,  when 

Devisee   flies   notice,    when 

Diminished  floor  area,   relation  fire  escapes,   stairways 

relation  to  stairways 

Diminishing  size,  yards,  courts,  shafts,  windows,  unlawful 

Dining  rooms,   ceiling  heights  of 

construction    of,    general 

construction   of,   reference 

living  in,  prohibited,  when 

sleeping   in,   prohibited,    when 

ventilation  of  by  fan  exhaust  system 


windows  required,  sizes  of,  when- 


Disinfecting  privy  pits,  etc.,  when 

Disinfecting,    when   repapering,    repainting 

Dispensing  with  laws  by  municipality  not  allowed 

Distance  between  tenement  house,  hotel,  similar  building  on  lot 

Doing,    causing   done,    plumbing,    sewer  work,   etc.,   contrary   law, 

unlawful     . 

Door,  etc.,  water-closet,  privy,  urinal  compartment,  relation  where 

food   prepared,   stored 

etc.,  water  closet,  urinal,  compartments,  construction  of 

frame,  trim,  penthouse,  roof  structures,  construction  of 

giving  access  fire  escapes,  size,  location  of 

required,    bottom   courts,    vent   shafts 

shaft  openings,  construction  of — 


67 

336 

224,  260 

224 


199,  212 
314 
341 
93 


INDEX. 


97 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.r=  Hotels;  D.=;  Dwellings 


H. 


Doors,   boiler  rooms,   construction  of 

boiler   rooms,    overlap   walls,   sill 

boiler  rooms,  swing  outward,  when 

elL-anliness,    sanitation    of 

openings   in  shafts,   close  tight 

other  openings,   automobile  storage  room 

windows,  screening  of,  when 

Dormitories,   alterations   in,   when 

bed    frames,    kind    required 

ceiling    heigiits    in 

construction,    conversion    of 

erected  prior  passage  of  Act,  requirements  in. 

existing,    certain    requirements    when 

guest  rooms   in,  when 

□umber   persons   allowed   in 

plumbing    facilities    required    in 

reference  to  other  provisions 


286  to  288 
288,  288 
288 
323 
278 
291 
212,  319 


windows  required,  number,  sizes  of. 


Dormitory,   definition  of  

Double  ceilings  required,   boiler  rooms,   when 

Double  ceilings  required,  garage,  repair,  machine  shop. 

Double  tiers  of  beds  in  dormitories,  when 

Draft  exhaust  system  ventilation,  use  of,  when 

Drainage,  draining,  air  intakes 

areaways     

courts    

passageways    

under  lowest,  ground  floor 

vent   shafts    

water,    storm,    casual 

when  plumbing  fixtures  not  installed 

yards,    premises   

Drains,   cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

Dressing   rooms,   ceiling  heights  of 

Dressing  rooms,  sizes  of 

Drugs,  room  kept  in,  construction  of 

Duck,  keeping  of  prohibited,  when 

Ducts  for  air,  vent  shafts,  construction,  size  of 

Dumb  waiter  shaft  (see  Elevator  shaft) 

Dwelling,    construction    of,    general 

definition    of    

Dwellings,  entering  by  inspectors  limited,  when 

entering  in  absence  of  occupants,  how 

Effective,  date  laws  are 

notice  to  do  work,  when 

Egress,  accessibility  from  apartments,  rooms 

Egress— to  fire  escape  from  hallway,  passageway 

to  fire  escape  through  public  parlor,  lobby,  when... 


168  to  168 

114 

318 

316 
100,  316 

119 

318 

315 

212 

316 

323 

131 

131 

330 

328 

282 
274  to  277 


286  to  288 
286,288 

323 

276 

292 
212,  319 
297  to  303 

301 

299 
297  to  303 

303 

303 
49 

298 

302 

139,  159 

\  145,  146, 

I  148,  300 

49 

285 

292 

299 
293  to  296 

114 

316 

316 
100,  316 

119 

316 

315 

212 

316 

323 

135        I 

138        ! 

328 

282 

274  to  277 


212,  319 


331 


to  roof  from  stairways,   when. 


Egresses,  two,  relation  stairways,   fire  escapes 

Elevator  shaft,  relation  to  stairways 

Elevator  shafts,  fireproof  building,   construction  of 

require  ventilator,  ventilating  skylight 

semiflreproof  or  wooden   building,   construction   of 

similar  shaft,   materials,  construction   of 

Elevators,   illumination   of,   when 

Employees,    water-closets    for 

Enclosing  water-closet  with  woodwork,  prohibited 

Enclosing  woodwork,  plumbing  fixtures,  removal  of,  when. 
Enforcement    of    laws 


345 
339 

218 

259 

259 
\  236,  237, 
I     241 

218 

227 

274 

277 

275 

274  to  277 

310,  311 


by    building   department,   when... 

by   county   officials,   when,   where 

by   health   department,   when 

by    housing    department,    when 

by  other  olBcials,   when 

cities,  counties,  towns  may  desgnate  who.. 

State   Immigration    and   Housing   Commission,   when. 


186 

213 

2  to  7 

2 
5 
3 
3 
4 
6 
7 


345 

339 

218 

259 

259 
236,  237, 

241 

218 

227 

274 

277 

275 
274  to  277 
310,  311 

188 

213 

213 
2  to  7 

2 
5 
3 
3 
4 
S 
7 


126 
.51,52,53 
33 
33 
345 
339 


217 


2,  3,  4, 
8.7 


98 


INDEX, 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=:  Tenement  houses;  H.t=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


Entering  of  buildings  when  necessary,  authorized- 
Entering  of  premises  when  necessary,  authorized. . 

Entertainment  rooms,  ceiling  heights  of 

construction    of,     general 

construction  of,   reference 

living   in,   prohibited,    when 

sleeping  in,   prohibited,   when 

ventilation  of  by  fan  exhaust  system 


windows   required,   sizes   of,   when. 


Erection  of,  building  department  enforces... 

contrary  to  law,  unlawful 

permit    for    required 

Excelsior,  keeping  of,  requires  permit 

Executor  files   notice,   when 

Exempton— complying  bath,  shower  requirements,  when 

complying,   plumbing,  installation  of,  when 

complying  water-closet  requirements,   when 

Exhaust   fan  system  of  ventilation,   construction,  use  of. 

ducts,  inlet  and  exhaust,  construction  of 

maintenance,   operation  of  at   all  times 


may  substitute  for  windows,   when 

penalty,   failure  to  operate,  maintain  good  order. 

time,   change   of   air  required 

volume  of  air,  time  change  of 


Existing  buildings: 

addition,  alteration,  change,  extension,  must  conform. 


additional  rooms,    hallways,   ceiling  heights 

alteration  of  dormitories  in 

bath  tubs,   showers,   required  in 

cans   for  garbage,   ashes   required 

cleanliness,  sanitation  of  

conversion  of  must  conform 

cooking  in  prohibited,  where 

damaged  by  fire,  elements,  reconstruction  of 

distance  between  buildings,  when 

door  to  water-closet,  urinal,  etc.,  relation  kitchen,  pantry, 
entering  of  for  inspection  authorized,  when 


J    8,  9, 
I  196,  208 
304 


205 

320 

323,  324 

11 
115,  307 

13 

92,93 

185 

30  to  32 


faucets  for  fixtures,  yards,  courts,  etc 

fire  escapes,   maintenance   of 

garbage,  ash  receptacles  required 

hallways — windows,  ventilation  required  for. 

housekeeper  required,  when 

housing  department  may  exempt,  when 

illumination  in,  when 


inner  courts,  shafts,  doors  or  windows  to. 

insanitary  plumbing,  removal  of 

janitor   required,    when 

living  in    prohibited,  when 

maintenance,  repair,  drainage  of 

may  be  exempt  complying,  when 

moving  of,   certain   requirements 


must  conform,   general  requirements 

permit  of  occupancy  required 

plumbing,  etc.^  hereafter  installed  must  conform.. 

plumbing,  etc.,  need  not  be  installed  when 

privy  vault,  similar  receptacle,  discontinue  use  of. 
reconstruetio?  of  when  damaged  by  fire,  elements. 


211 
263,  269 

321 

306 

332 
195,  208 
116,  118, 
310,  311 

107 

215 

332 
115,  309 
315,  316 
195,  208, 

212 

12 

8,  9,  11, 

12,13 

24 

214 

212 

199 
IS 


212 
212 


322 

323,  324 

11 

115,  307 


30  to 
33 


115,  309 
317 
212 


INDEX. 


99 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


T. 


H. 


Existing  buildings— Continued. 

rooms,  hallways  additional,  ceiling  heights. 

rooms  in  require  windows,  when 

running  water   facilities   required 

sanitation   of    plumbing 


scuttle,  penthouse,  required,  when 

scuttle,   size,   location   of 

sewer  connections  required,  when 

sinks    required,    kitchen— slop 

sleeping  in  prohibited,  when,  where 

stairway  or  ladder  to  roof,  when 

vent  shafts,  door  or  window  to  required 

water  facilities   required 

water-closet  seats,  must  be  varnished,  enameled,  non-absorbent 

water-closets,    general  requirements 

water-closets  installed  must  conform,  when 

windows  in  hallways  required,  when 

windows  in  rooms  required,  when 

woodwork  enclosing  plumbing  fixtures,  removal  of 

Existing   dormitories,    alterations   in,   when 

Expense  of  prosecution,  violators  liable  for 

Extensions,   existing  buildings  not  exempt,  when 

Exterior   passageways,    illumination   of,   when 

Exterior  standpipos  required,  when 

Exterior  standpipos  (see  Standpipes) 

Exterior   walls,   construction,    etc.,    fireproof   buildings 

construction  of,   semifireproof   buildings 

Eacilities  required,  when  plumbing  not  installed 

Families   in   dwellings,   water-closets   for 

Family,   definition   of 

Fan  exhaust  system  ventilation,  construction,  use 

Faucets— need  not  be  installed,  when 

running  water,   courts,  yards,   passageways 

size   of,    type 

Feed,  keeping  of,  requires  permit 

Filing  plan  of  lot  required 

Filing  plans,  specifications  for  building  or  work 

Filth,   accumulation  of,  prohibitedj  when 

depositing  of,  except  place  provided,  prohibited 

urine,  etc.,  in  beds,   bedding,  prohibited 

Fine,  amount  of,  violations  of  laws,  when 

Fine  imposed  becomes  lien,  when 

Fire  and  smoke  tower  and  stairway  combined 

Fire  and  smoke  towers,  construction  of 

Fire  commissioner  issues  permit,  dangerous  articles 

Fire  damaged  buildings   (51%)   must  conform 

Fire  escapes- 
accessibility    of    

balconies- 
anchorage    of   

connected  by   inclined  stairways 

design  as  to  floor  loads 

design   as  to  loads,   fastenings 

fastenings,   as   to  loads 

height  of   balustrade  rails 

independently    supported    

iron  or  steel  fireproofed,   when 

lowest  balcony,  height  above  ground 

openings    in    balustrades 

openings    in    platforms 

optional   balconies,   use    and   kind 

platform,   fastening,  anchoring  to  building,  how 

reinforced   concrete,   when   used 

required  every  story   above  first 

size  of  

stairways   connecting,   construction   of -. -- 


304 

305 

211 

213,  324 

241 
241 

199 
201,  205 
115,  309 

241 

107 

211 

213 

193 

197 

308 

305 

213 


15 
198,  208 
311 
270 
270  to  273 
54 
72 
212 


53 

166  to  163 

212 

209,  211 

209,  211 

327 

17 

17 

119,  323 

324 

325 

15 

334 

258 

256,  257 

327 

13 


304 

305 

211 

213,  324 

241 
241 

199 
203,  207 
115,  309 

241 

107 

211 

213 

194 

197 

306 

305 

213 

303 

15 

196,  208 

311 

270 

270  to  273 

54 

72 

212 


259,  269   259,  289 


293  to  295 

212 

209,  211 

209,  211 

327 

17 

17 

119,  323 

324 

325 

15 

334 

258 

256,  257 

327 

13 


263 

263 

245 

245 

261 

261 

263 

263 

263 

263 

246 

246 

265 

265 

254 

254 

245 

245 

246 

246 

247,  248 

247,  248 

254 

254 

249 

249 

254 

254 

245 

245 

246 

246 

250 

250 

216,  318, 
324 


115,  309 


212 
192 
53 

812 


127,  323 
324 


15 
334 


100 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=:  Dwellings 


H. 


Fire  escapes— balconies— Continued. 

stairways    connecting,    location    of.-. 

stairway  openings  in,  size  of 

supported,   liow  

balustrades- 
design  of,   horizontal  pressure 

heights  of,   above  platform 

openings   in,   size   of 

chute   type,    construction    of 

clear,   unobstructed,    accessible 

construction  of,   general,  Type  1 

Type   2   

Type   3 

Type   4    — - 

Type   5 

cornice  opening,  size,  for  goose-neck  ladder 

counterbalanced,   permanent,   ladder  to   ground,   when. 

dead  loads   relation  to   construction 

design  re  dead,  live  loads  sustained 

diminished  floor  area  relation  to 

door  giving  access  to,  size,  location  of 

egress  door,  window,  size,  location 

egress,   illumination  of,   when 

egress  to,  from  hallway,  passageway 

egress  to,  through  public  parlor,  lobby,  when 

fastenings  rigid,  durable,  carrying  loads  imposed 

framing,    riveting,    bolting,    together   of 

floor   area  determines  number  required 

floor  area  in  relation  to 

fire  and  smoke  tower  and  stairway  combined 

fire   and  smoke  towers,   construction  of 

galvanizing   of,    when    

general   requirements,    construction 

goose-neck  ladder,  extend  top  balcony  to  roof 

not  pass  opening  to  building 

size,    construction    of 

iron  or  steel  flreproofed  balconies,  when 

kind   allowed  

ladder,  design  of,  horizontal  pressure 

largest  area  above  second  floor  determines  number  of. 

live   loads,    relation   to    construction 

location    of    

location  of,  relation  apartments,  rooms,   hallways 

location  of,  signs  indicating  same 

lock,  type  of  window  to 

lowest  balcony  height  above  ground  level 

lowest   balcony   platform,  openings  in 

maintenance   of,    all   buildings 

maintained    well    painted 

may  project  in  yards,  when 

must  be  fastened  securely  to  buildings 

must   be   painted,    galvanized 

number    required    

obstructions    prohibited   

openings  in  balustrades,  size  of 

optional  balconies,  use  and  kind 

painting  of,   how  

painting   of,   required  when 


platform,  balcony  fastening,  anchoring  to  building,  how. 

platform,  balcony,  openings  In 

projecting  into  yards,  courts,  when,  how 

reinforced   concrete  balconies,   when   used 

removal  of,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

repair    of,    required 

required   on   street    front 


250 

250 

246 

246 

249 

249 

264 

261 

246 

246 

246 

246 

255 

255 

269 

269 

245  to  253 

245  to  253 

254 

254 

255 

255 

256 

256 

257 

257 

251 

251 

248 

248 

261  to  266 

261  to  263 

261  to  266 

261  to  263 

260 

260 

267 

267 

267 

267 

310,  311 

310,  311 

259 

259 

259 

259 

252 

252 

252 

252 

243 

243 

260 

260 

258 

258 

256,  257 

256,  257 

253 

253 

243  to  269 

243  to  269 

245 

245 

251 

251 

251 

251 

254 

254 

244 

244 

262 

262 

260 

260 

261  to  266 

261  to  283 

218,  259 

218,  259 

218,  259 

218,  259 

259 

259 

268 

26S 

245 

245 

248 

248 

269 

269 

269 

269 

79,  95,  97 

80 

245,  266 

245,  268 

253 

253 

243 

243 

269 

269 

246 

246 

254 

254 

253 

253 

253,  269 

253,  269 

V  249,  252, 
I     268 

249,  252, 

268 

247 

247 

\  68,79, 
(  95,97 

80 

254 

254 

9 

9 

289 

269 

259 

259 

INDEX. 


101 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


Fire  escapes — Continued. 

required,   when   

sash   in   window   openings   to 

signs   indicating  location   of,   each  floor 

sill  of  window,  door,  access  to,  location 

smoke  and  fire  towers,  construction  of 

spiral  chute,   construction   of 

stairway,   and  fire   and  smoke  tower  combined 

stairway  openings  in  balconies,  size  of 

stairways   connecting   balconies,   construction   of 

stairways  connecting  balconies,   location  of 

stairways,  design   for  loads,   horizontal  projection 

stairways,  handrails  continuous,  size  of 

street  front  requires  one 

type  lock,  window  opening  to  fire  escape 

window  giving  access  to,  sash  in 

window  giving  access  to,  size,  location  of 

window  giving  access  to,  type  lock  in 

Fireproof  building,  elevator,  similar  shaft,  construction. 

Fireproof   buildings,    inner   court   walls,   construction 

Fireproof   hotel,    definition    of 

general   construction    of 

Fireproofing,  steel,  iron  framework,  fireproof  building 

Fireproof  tenement  house,   definition  of 

general    construction    of 

or  hotel,   height   allowed 

Firestops,  use  of,  elevator  shafts 

use  of,  inner  court  walls,  when 

use  of,  vent  shafts 

Fire  towers  

Fire   towers,   occupied  space,   when 

Firm,  is   a  person,  when 

Flats,  is  a  dwelling,  or  tenement  house,  when 

Floor  area,  closets,  recesses  from  rooms,  dressing  rooms. 

for  each  person,  in  dormitories 

for  each  person,  in  sleeping  rooms 

in  dormitories,   size,   number  guest  rooms 

relation  to  fire  escapes 

relation  to  stairways 

required   in   kitchen,    size 


243 

26S 

259 

287 
256,  257 

255 

258 

246 

250 
245,  250 

263 

250 

259 

268 

263 

267 

26S 

274 

284 


54 

54 

54 

83 
275 
284 
278 
255  to  257 

68 

69 

75 
131 


243 
268 
259 
267 
256,  257 
255 
258 
246 
250 
245,  250 
263 
250 
259 
28S 
268 
267 
268 
274 
284 

54 

54 

54 


83 
275 
284 
278 
255  to  257 


309 


required  in  rooms,   when 

Floors,   automobile  storage  rooms,  construction  of 

basements,   dampproofing,   waterproofing  of,   when. 

boiler,   furnace  rooms,   construction  of,   when 

cellars,   dampproofing,  waterproofing  of,  when 

cleanliness,   sanitation   of   

dampproofing   of,   when   

kitchens,    construction    of,    when 

lowest   or   ground   fioor   construction 


243,  260 
219  to  224 

129 
I  128,  129, 
I     131 

290 

118 

285 

116 

823 
116,118 


ratprooflng  of   

(see    Fireproof    buildings) 

(see  Semifireproof  and  wooden  buildings) 

space  for  each  person  in  dormitories 

space  required  in  ratio  to  occupants 

water-closet  compartments  required  waterproof,  how... 

waterproofing  of,   when   

w-aterprooflng  of  bath,  shower,  slop-sink  rooms 


119  to  125 

119  to  125 

54 
72,77 


Fly    screening,    when    

Foul  matter,  depositing  of  except  placed  provided,  prohibited. 

in  beds  or  bedding,   prohibited 

Frame  building  (see  wooden  tenement  house,  hotel) 

Frames  of  beds  in  dormitories,   materials  of - 

Framing,    riveting,    bolting,   fire   escapes 

French  windows,   substitute  windows,    when. 


309 

186 

116, 118 

186,  202 

J  144,  212, 

I     319 

324 

325 

77 


252 
178 


136 

298,  309 

309 

49 

243,  260 

219  to  224 

134,  135, 

136 

292 

118 

285 

116 

323 
116,  118 

;  308 

I  119  to  125 

!  \  119  to 

i  I  125,  308 

54 

72,77 

298 

309 

191 

116,  lis 

191,  204 

148,  212, 

319 

324 

325 

77 

301 

252 

178 


309 


140,  141, 
142 


118 


323 
118 


127 


309 


118 


152,  212, 
319 
324 


7—46714 


102 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  aumbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Front  of  corner  lot,  definition  of 

Front  of   lot,   definition   of 

Front  yard,   definition  of 

excavated  to  ventilate  rooms,  size  of 

Furnaae,   construction  of  room  housing,  when. 

location   of,   relation  stairways 

Ga'^vanizing  of  fire  escapes,   when 


Garage,    construction    of,    prohibited,    when. 


Garbage    chutes,    approval    of 

Garbage,  depositing  of  except  place  provided,  prohibited. 
offensive  matter,  accumulation  of  prohibited,  when.. 

Garbage  receptacles  required,  kind,  covers  for 

Gas  meter,  heater,  location,  relation  stairways 

Gas  pipes   in  vent  shafts 

Gas  service  connection,  steel,  iron,  cut-off  valves 

General  penalty  for  violations  of  laws 

General  utility  room,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system. 

window    area    required 

Glass   windows,   cleanliness,   sanitation   of 

Goat,  keeping  of  prohibited,  when 

Goose,  keeping  of  prohibited,  when 

Grantee,   files   notice   transfer  ownership 

Graveling  lot,  yards,  courts,  areaways,  etc.,  when 

Gravity  flow,  oil,  other  fluid,  prohibited,  when 

Ground  floor,  ratprooflng,.  ventilation  of 

Guest,   definition   of   , 

Guest    room,    definition   of 

design,  location,  relation  to  egresses 

hire  of,  payment  for  may  be  how 

relation  to,   in  dormitory 

sizes  of,  ceiling  heights  of 

window    area   required 


61,  SI 

61,61 

79 

101 

285  to  288 

228 

253 

I  290,  291, 

I     328 

320 

324 

323 

320 

228 

282 

214 

15 


323 
328 
328 
336 
316 
289 
119  to  125 


windows   in,    required 

Hallways    additional,    ceiling   heights   of 

Hallways,    cleanliness,    sanitation   of 

existing  buildings,  windows,  ventilation  for 

(see    Public    hallways) 

skylights,    windows    in 

widths  of,   how  measured 

Handrails    for   stairways 

Hardware,  doors  of  boiler  rooms,  kind 

Hay,   keeping   of,   requires   permit 

Head  room   in  stairways,   height   of 

Health  commissioner,  is  housing  department,  when 

Health   department   enforces  lawSj   when 

Health  officer  is  housing  department,  when 

Heater,  location  in  relation  to  stairways,  when 

Heating  apparatus  rooms,  construction  of,  when 

Height  of  building,  basement  a  story,  when 

increased   contrary  to  law,   unlawful 

limit    of,    measurements 

measurements,    how    taken 

on  lot  with  sloping  ground 

Height  of  ceilings,  in  dormitories 

in  rooms,  measured  how  (see  Ceilings) 

Hire  of  guest  room,  payment  for,  how 

Horse,    keeping   of   prohibited,    when 

Hospitals,  are  not  hotels,  when 

Hotel,  definition,  of 

fireproof,   definition   of,   construction,   general 

fireproof,  number  of  stairways 

IS  a  "rear  hotel,"  when 

requires   fire   escapes,   when 

semifireproof,   definition   of,    construction,   general. 

semifireproof,    number    of    stairways 

wooden,  definition  of,  construction,   general 

wooden,    number    of    stairways 


304 

323 

305,  308 

70 
174  to  178 

242 

232,  250 

287 

327 

229 

58 

3 

58 

228 

285  to  288 

41,87 

9 

83  to  88 


130,  131 


61,61 

61,61 

80 

101 

285  to  288 

228 

253 

292 

321 
324 
323 
321 

228 

282        I 

214 

15 

149,  293 

156.  157 

323 

328 

328 

336 

316 

289        J 
119  to  125 

55  I 

56  ' 
218        i 

57  J 
49         I 

134,  309 
156,  157 
\  145.  146, 
I     148 
304 
323 
305,  306    j 
70        ! 
174  to  178 

242 
232,  230     1 
287 
327 
229        I 

58  I 
3 

58 

2'28 

285  to  288 

41,87 

9 

83  to  88 

88 

88 

299 

134,  135 

57 

328 

57 

57 

54 

220 

71 

243 

72 

221 

77,78 

222 


.•524 
323 
822 


15 


323 
331 

331 


12T 
55 
56 


140.  309 

160,  161 

150 


323 


141,  143 
331 


INDEX. 


103 


SUBJECT 

Paragraph  numbers 

T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 

T.                H.       1      D. 

House  drainage  work,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

Housokseper    required,    when 

Housing  and   Immigration   Commission,  enforces  laws,  when 

may    enter    buildings,    when 

Housing  department,  definition  of 

enforces    laws,    when 

exempts  existing  buildings  complying,  when 

issues   permit  of   occupancy 

maintains   indexes,    etc 

Human  habitation  unlawful,   when 

If    no    building    department,    housing    department,    other    depart- 
ments   enforce    laws 

Illumination,    elevators,    passageways,    when 

hallways,   stairways,   lire   escape   egresseSj  when 

if    insufficient,    nuisance,    when 

of    basements,    when 

of    cellars,    when 

required    daytime,    when 

required    nighttime,    when 

water-closets,    toilet    roomSj    when 

Immigration  and  Horsing  Commission,  enforces  laws,  when 

may    enter    buildings,    when 

Imposing    further    restrictions    permissible 

Imprisonment,   for  violations,  when 

Improper   substances,    depositing   of,    except   place   provided,    pro- 
hibited     

Inadequate,    insanitary  plumbing,   nuisance 

Inadequate   water-closet,    be   replaced,    how 

Increasing  heights,   percentage  lots,   contrary  law,  unlawful 

Indexing  names,   addresses  by  department 

Index,   notice  of  pendency,   how 

Inner  court,   definition   of 

doors,    windows   to,    required,    when 

existing   buildings,   doors   or  windows   to,   required 

how   measured,   relation   to  building   height 

intakes  to,  required,  construction  of 

minimum   area,   relation  to   building  height 

minimum  sizes  of  when  bound  one  side  by  lot  line 

minimum   widths,   relation   building   height 

projections    into    

require   air   intakes,   when 

sizes    of    

unobstructed  to  sky,   measured   from 

walls,   construction  of,  when 

Insanitary    plumbing    order   removed,    whan.. 

Insanitary   plumbing,   premises,   a  nuisance 

Inspection  of,   authority  to  enter 

Inspection,  within  10  days  of  application,  when 

Inspectors  may  enter   buildings,   premises,   when 

Insufficient  ventilation,  illumination,  nuisance 

Intakes   (see  Air   intakes) 


Interior,   general   construction,   fireproof  building 

semifireproof    building    

Interior  lot,   definition   of 

percentage    remain    unoccupied 

rear  yard   required,   size,   when 

street  may  be  part  lot,  when 

street  may  be  part  rear  yard,  when 

.Tails,  similar  buildings,  not  hotels,  when 

Janitor    required,    when — 

Junk,  keeping  of,  requires  permit 

Keeping  animals,  poultry  within  20  feet,  prohibited,  when. 
Keeping  of  certain  animals  prohibited,  when 


332 

332 

7 

7 

7 

31 

31 

31,  33 

58 

58 

58 

3 

3 

3 

195,  208 

195,  208 

3 

3 

338 

338 

23,24 

23,  24 

4 

4 

4 

310,  311 

310,  311 

310,  311 

310,  311 

67 

67 

67 

118 

118 

118 

116 

118 

310 

310 

311 

311 

310,  311 

310,  311 

7 

7 

7 

31 

31 

31.  33 

341,  342 

341,  342 

341,  342 

15 

15 

15 

324 

324 

324 

67 

67 

67 

197 

197 

9 

9 

10 

338 

338 

335 

335 

335 

45 

45 

107 

107 

107 

107 

105,  106 

105,  108 

109  to  114 

109  to  114 

105,  106 

105,  105 

103 

105 

105,  108 

105,  108 

46 

46 

109 

109 

105,  106 

105,  108 

46 

46 

284 

284 

215 

215 

67 

67 

87 

SO  to  32 

30  to  32 

30  to  33 

26 

23 

30 

30 

30,33 

67 

67 

67 

I  109  to 

109  to 

I  114,  282 

114,  232 

54 

54 

72 

72 

61,  62 

61,62 

90 

95 

99 

90 

96 

99 
57 
332 

332 

327 

327 

328 

328 

331 

328 

328 

331 

104 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


H. 


Kitchen,    definition    of... 

floors,    ratproofing    of,    when. 


59 


sinks    required    in 

sizes    of,    when 

ventilation  of  by  fan  exhaust  system,  when. 
windows   not  to   open  through  porches 


\  201,  205, 
I     208 
129 


windows  required,   sizes  of- 


144 
f  143, 
■j  153, 
[  154 
J  201,  205, 
I     208 

241 

242 
70 

230 

224 

260 

285 

290 


Kitchensinks,   required,   when 

Ladder  to   roof,    existing  buildings,   when 

Landings,   corridors^   stairways,   widths,   measurements 

Landings   of  stairways   are  public   hallways 

Landings,    width   of,    in    stairways 

Largest  floor  area  above  ground  determines  number  stairways... 
Largest  floor  area  above  second  determines  number  fire  escapes.. 

Lathing,    boiler    room    ceilings 

c?iHngs    automobile    storage    rooms 

ceilings,   garages,   machine,   repair  shops 

elevator,    similar    shafts 

fireproof    buildings,    certain    requirements 

inner    court    walls 

passageway   to   rear   yard,   when 

penthouses,    roof   structures,    when 

semiflreproof    buildings,    certain    requirements 

stairways,    when    

vent    shafts,    when    

wooden   buildings,   certain  requirements ." 77,78 

Laundries,   ventilation  of   by   exhaust  system ! 


274,  275 
54 
284 

100 
238 
72 
233 
278 


Laundries,  windows  required,  sizes  of- 


308 


149,  293 

148 
145,  14ft, 
147, 156, 

157 


241 

242 

70 

230 

224 

2S0 

285 

292 

292 

274,  275 

54 

284 

100 

238 

72 

233 

278 

77,78 

149,  293 

f  145,  148, 

■{  148,  156, 


160,  100 


Laws,   absolute  minimum  of  requirements 

apply  where,  scope  of 

do  not  abrogate,  repeal,  city  laws  imposing  further  restrictions 

effective,    when    

enforced   by   other   officers,    when 

enforced   by   state,   when 

enforced,  Immigration  and  Housing  Commission,  when 

enforcement  of,   building  department,  when 

enforcement   of,   by   whom 


enforcement  of,  county  officers,  when 

enforcement  of,   health  department,  when 

enforcement  of,   housing  department,   when 

imposing    further    restrictions    not    affected 

inconsistent  with  housing   laws,   repealed 

modification  of,  by  municipal  officers,  not  allowed 

title   of  

unlawful  to  violate 

Legal   action,   prevention   of   violations 

Legislature    declares   passage    each    section,    sentence,    clause, 

spective    of    others 

Lengths  of  courts,  when 

Lengths  of  front  yards,  when 

Lessee,  file  notice,  name,   address,   ete 

Lice,  insects  in  beds,  bedding,  prohibited 

Lien  result  of  fine  imposed,  when 

Lien  subject  taxes,   assessments,  etc 

Lighting,   basements,   by   front   yards 

elevators,    passageways,    when 

hallways,  stairways,  fire  escape  egresses 

passag°way  to  rear  yard 

(see   Illumination.) 

water-closets,  toilet  rooms,   when 


341 

1 

342 

345 

4 


2  to  7 


3 

3 
342 
342 
341 

1 

8 
333 

344 

103 

101 
336,  337 

325 

334 

334 

101 
310,  311 
310,  311 

100 


157 
341 

1 
342 
345 

4 


2  to" 


3 

3 
342 
342 
341 

1 

8 
333 

344 

103 

101 
336,  337 

325 

334 

334 

101 
310,  311 
310,  311 

100 


2,3 
6,7 


341 
1 

342 

345 
4 
7 
7 
2 

4, 


3 

3 
342 
342 
341 

1 


334 
334 


310,  311         310,  311 


INDEX. 


105 


SUBJECT 

Paragraph  aumbers 

T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 

1                  1 
T.         '        H.        '      D. 

Linen  in  beds,  change  of,  when 

Lining  with  metal,  doors,  penthouses,  etc. 

vent  shafts,  passageways,  etc 


Live  loads,  relation  fire  escape  construction 

Living  prohibited,   in  cellars 

in  recess  rooms,   dressing  rooms,   closets,  when 

where    damp,    offensive,    obnoxious,   poisonous   odors 

where  dangerous,  prejudicial  to  life,  health 

where  insufficient  light,  windows,  ventilation,  drainage- 
Living  rooms  in  basements,   general  requirements 

Living,   sleeping,   prohibited,   where 

Location,  bath  tubs,  showers 

fire  escapes,  relation   apartments,   rooms,   hallways 

fire  escapes,  signs  indicating  same 

stairways     

water-closets    in    apartments 

water-closets    in    public    hallways 

windows    in    public    hallways 

windows  in  rooms 

Lock,   type,   window  to  fire  escape 

Lock,    water-closet    compartments 

Locking  scuttle  or  penthouses  prohibited  except 

Lodgers    are    guests 

Lodging  house   (see  hotel) 

Lot,    cleanliness,    sanitation   of 

corner   lot,    definition   of 

definition    of    

depth  of  lot,  definition  of 

draining   of   

front  of  lot,  definition  of 

interior   lot,    definition   of 

plan  of  lot  must  be  filed,  when 

percentage    remain   unoccupied 

percentage  remain  unoccupied,  corner  lot 

yercentage  remain  unoccupied,   interior  lot 

rear  lot,  definition  of 

rear  of  lot,   definition 

restrictions   on  rear  lots 

(see  Courts.) 
(see  Yards.) 

Lowest  floor  construction,  ratproofing  of 

height   above   ground,   ventilation   of  under 

Machine  shop,   construction  of,   when 

Machine  shop  prohibited,   when 

Maintaining    nuisances    unlawful 

Maintenance,   clean,  sanitary,   buildings,  contents 

clean,    sanitary,    plumbing   fixtures 

contrary  to   law,   unlawful 

floor,  walls,  beneath,  around  plumbing  fixtures 

good   working   order,    plumbing   fixtures 

housing  department,  enforces 

of   fire    escapes 

of   nuisances,    violations,    unlawful 

of   ventilating   system 

repairs    of,    general 

Materials   of  bed   frames  in  dormitories 

Matting,   cleanliness,   sanitation   of 

Mattresses,    cleanliness    of 


\,  238,  255, 

}  2.57,  286 

\  100,  278, 

I     282 

261  to  263 

115,  309 

309 

309 

309 

309 

117 

309 

200,  205 

218,  259 

259 

218,  225 

184 

193 

174,  175 

143,  144 

263 

185 

241 


323 

61 

60  to  63 

63 

316 

64 

61,62 

17 

89,90 

89 

90 

63 

65 

81,82 


323 
238,  256, 
257,  286 
100,  278, 

282        I 
261  to  255 
115,  309 

309 

309 

309 

309 

117 

309 
203,  206 
218,  259 

259 
218,  225 

187,  194 

174,  175 

145,  146 

268 

190 

241 

55 

57 

323 

61 

60  to  63 

63 

316 

64 

61,  62 

17 


63 

65 

81,82 


Measurements,    courts,    how    taken. 


heights  of   buildings,   how   taken., 
occupied  space,  percentage  of  lot. 


rear  yard,  how  taken 

recesses  from  street,  yard,  court,  how  taken., 
windows,    how    taken 


323 

325 
\    46,  103 
I    to  106 

83 
68,  89,  90 
)    79,  94, 
I    95,97 

108 

155 


3 

269 

8 

296 

315 

301 

323 

325 

46,  103 

to  105 

88 

80,  94, 
99 
108 
158 


115,  309 
309 
309 
309 
309 
117 
309 


150,  152 


119  to  125  119  to  125 
119  to  125  '  119  to  125 

292 
328 

323 
324 


127 
127 


323 
318,  324 


318 
3 


317 
323 


106 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 

Paragraph  numbers 

T.=:  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 

T.                H.             D. 

Members  Immigration  and  Housing  Commission,   enter  buildings, 

when    

Mesh  of  screening,  when 

Metal  covering   penthouses,    roof   structures 

Metal  lath,   automobile  storage  rooms,  when 

boiler   room    ceilings 

ceilings,   garages,   machine,  repair  shops 

elevator,    similar    shafts,    when 

fireproof    buildings,    certain    requirements 

inner    court    walls,    when 

passageway  to   rear  yard 

penthouses,   roof   structures -• 

semifireproof    buildings,    certain    requirements 

stairways,    when    

vent    shafts,    when 

wooden    buildings,    certain    requirements 

Metal  lining  of  vent  shafts,  when 

Metal  lining,  passageway  to  rear  yard,  when 

Metal  screening,  size  of,  when 

Meters,  location  of,  relation  to  stairways 

Method  computing   floor  space  sleeping  rooms 

Method,  of  obtaining,  certificate  of  completion 

of  obtaining  permit  of  occupancy 

of  obtaining  permit  to  build,   etc 

of   obtaining  restraining  order 

of  serving  notice,   when 

Minimum  distance  between  buildings  on  lot,  when 

Minimum   requirements   for  protection   declared 


31 
319 
238,  239 
290 
285 


Minimum   sizes   of    rooms 

Minimum    width   of   rooms 

Misdemeanor,    when    

Modification  of  laws,  municipal  authorities,  not  allowed. 

Mosquito  screening,  use  of,  when 


Moving  buildings  for  use,  mu?t  conform 

Moving  of,  building  department  enforces 

Moving  of,  contrary  to  law  unlawful 

Mule,  keeping  of  prohibited,   when 

Municipality  not  liable,  costs,   when 

Names,   owners,   agents,  lessees,   others 

National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters'  approval 

New  building  permit  required,   when 

No   ordinance,   law,   regulation,   ruling,   repeals,    amends,   modifies, 

dispenses    with    laws 

Notice,  certificate  of  completion,  when 

agent,  owner,  lessee,  filing  of,  required 

of  pendency,  canceling  of  by  recorder,  when 

of  pendency,  filing  of,  force  and  effect  of 

of  pendency,  index  of  by  recorder,  vacation  of,  procedure 

relation  to  work,  service  of,  effective  when 

required  filed,   by  whom,   when 


274,  275 

54 

284 

100 

238,  239 

72 

233 

278 

78 

278 

100 

319 

228 

128,  309 

26 

27 

17 

333 

339,  340 

93 

341 

\  128  to 

I  133,  309 

130,  131 

15,  169 

341 

J  144,  212, 

I     319 

12 

2 

8 

328 

333 

336,  337 

40 

22 

341 

28 

336,  337 

335 

335 

335 

339 

333  to  338 


vacation,    abatement,   service,   procedure 340 

Nuisance,    definition   of '         67 

Nnisance  may  be  abated  by  restraining  order '  333 

Nuisance,  permitting,  maintaining  them  unlawful--- j  8 

Number  of  fire  escapes  determined  by  floor  areas 243 

Number  of  stairways  determined  by  floor  areas 219  to  224 

Obstructions,  egresses  from  building,  etc.,  unlawful,  when 9 

fire    escapes,    prohibited 269 

in   plumbing  fixtures,   connections,   prohibited I  324 

in    stairways,    prohibited 226 

Occupancy  of,  contrary  law,  unlawful- 8 

Occupancy  of,  housing  department  enforces 3 


31 

31,33 

319 

319 

238,  239 

292 

285 

292 

274,  275 

54 

284 

100 

238,  239 

72 

233 

278 

78 

278 

100 

319 

319 

228 

134,  309 

140,  309 

28 

27 

17 

333 

333 

339,  340 

339,  340 

93 

341 

341 

134  to 

140  to 

139,  309 

142,  309 

134,  135 

141,  142 

15,296 

15 

341 

341 

148,  212, 

152,  212, 

319 

319 

12 

14 

2 

2 

8 

•      8 

328 

331 

333 

333 

336,  337 

40 

22 

341 

341 

26 

336,337 

335 

335 

335 

335 

335 

335 

339 

339 

333  to  338 

333  to 

335 

340 

340 

67 

67 

333 

333 

8 

8 

243 

219  to  224 

9 

269 

324 

324 

226 

8 

8 

3 

S 

INDEX. 


107 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  nombers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;   H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


T. 


H. 


Occupancy  permit,   housing  department  issues 

renewal   of,    when 

required,    when    

Occupants   provide   garbage,   similar  receptacles 

Occupation   without   certificate,   unlawful,   when 

Occupation  without  permit,  unlawful,  when 

Occupied   space,    definition   of 

Occupied   space  determined,   lowest  story,  when 

Occupying  basement  rooms,  living,  sleeping,  how 

cellar  rooms,  living,  sleeping,  prohibited 

Odors  from  certain  businesses  entering,  prohibited,  when. 

Offset  from  hallway,  public  hallway,  when 

Oil,  other  fluid  fuel,  gravity  flow  prohibited,  when 

Oi's,  room  kept  in,  construction  of 

Openings  in  shafts,  construction  of 

Order  restraining  violations,  obtaining  of 

Order  to  do  certain  things,  time 

Order  to  perform  work,  when  effective 

Ordinances  fixing  permit,  certificate  fees,  may  be  enacted. 

Ordinances   imposing  further   restrictions   not   affected 

Outer  court,  definition  of 

how   measured,   relation   building   height 

maximum  lengths  relation  building  height 

minimum   widths   relation   building   height 

projections    into    

sizes    of    

unobstructed  to  sky,  measured  from 

width  may  include  alley,  park,  when 

widths   of   increased,   when 


Outside  stairways,  open  metal  work,  project  in  yards,  how. 

Outside  stairivays  to  basements,  cellars,  when 

Overcrowding  of  rooms,  nuisance,  when 

Overcrowding  of  rooms  unlawful 

Owne',   enter  buildings,   premises,   when 

file    certain    data,    when 

file  notice  containing  name,   address,   etc 

Painting,    fire   escapes,    when 

rooms,    light   color,    when 

shafts,  courts,   light  color,   when 

walls,  fioor,  beneath,   around  plumbing  fixtures 

Paints,  construction  of  room  kept  in 

Pantries,   ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system 


3 

25 
23,  24 

320 

23,29 

23,  24,  29 

68 

68 

117 

115 

329 

177 

289 

330 

278 

333 

339 

339 

341 

341,  Si2 

45 

103 

103 

103 

46 

103,  104 

46 

104 

104 

)    68,79, 

I    95,97 

223 

67 

309 

32 

336 

336 

253,  239 

312 

313 

213,  217 

330 


Pantry,  room  where  food  stored,  prepared,  windows  in,  sizes- 


Paper  stock,   keeping   of,   requires  permit 

Paper,  wall  paper,  removal  of,  when 

Papering  rooms,   light  color,  when 

Park  part  of  outer  court,   when 

Partitions,   cleanliness  of,   when  repapered,  repainted 

cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

public   hallways,   wooden  buildings,  lathing,   plastering  of. 

Partnership,  is  a  person,  when 

Passageways,    cleanliness,    sanitation    of 

illumination    of,    when 

public   hallways,   when 

to  rear  yard,  draining,  lighting  of 

Paving,  lot.  yards,  courts,  areaways,  etc.,  when ._ 

Payment   for  hire  of  guest  room,  how. 

Penalty,   failure  maintain  properly,  ventilating  system 

failure   operate   exhaust   ventilating   system 

for  violations   of  laws 

Penthouses,    construction    of - 

doors    remain   unlocked,    how 

roof   structures,    required   when 

Percentage  lot  occupied,  increasing  of,  unlawful 


f     143. 

■{  144, 153, 

[    154 

327 

314 

312 

104 

314 

323 

78 

69 

323 

310,  311 

70 

100 

316 


15,  169 

15,  169 

15 

238  to  240 

241 
236,  241 
9 


3 
25 
23,24 

23,29 
23,  24,  29 


117 
115 

177 
289 
330 
276 
333 
339 
335 
341 
341,  342 

45 
103 
103 
103 

46 
103,  104 

46 
104 
104 


223 
67 
309 
32 
336 
333 
253,  289 
312 
313 
213,  217 

330 
149,  293 

145, 

146,  148, 

156.  157 

327 

314 

312 

104 

314 

323 

78 

69 

323 

310,  311 

70 

100 

316 

57 

15,296 

15.  296 

15 

238  to  240 

241 
236,  241 
9 


117 
115 


333 
339 
339 
341 
341,  342 


67 

309 

32,33 


314 
323 


108 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Paragraph  numbers 


T. 


Percentage  lot  to  remain  unoccupied 

when  street  may  be  part  of  lot  unoccupied 

Permit,    building,    application    for 

certificate,  permit,   fee  ordinances  may  be  enacted 

fire    commissioner    issues,    when 

for  nominal   alterations,  repairs,  without  plans,  when 

not  construed  a  permit  or  approval  to  violate 

of    occupancy,    application    for 

of  occupancy,  duplicate  on  file 

of  occupancy,  existing  buildings,  issued  after  inspection 

of  occupancy,    housing   department   issues 

of  occupancy,   issued  upon  application  therefor,  when 

of  occupancy,   renewed  each  calendar  year 

of   occupancy   required   existing  buildings 

of   occupancy   required,    when 

required   when   keeping  certain   articles 

required   when   plumbing   not   installed 

to  build,  etc.,  expijes  by  limitation,  when 

to  build,  etc.,  issued  by  department,   when 

to   build,   etc.,  required,   how  obtained 

to  build,   etc.,  revokable,  when 

to  build,  reconstruct,  convert,  move,  etc.,  how  obtained 

to  erect,   alter,  convert,  build  upon,  move,  required 

Permitting,   laws   be  violated,  unlawful 

Permitting    nuisances    unlawful 

Person,    definition    of 

Persons,   number  allowed  in  dormitories 

number  allowed  sleep  in  rooms,  when 

number  using  plumbing   facilities,   dormitories 

Pigeon,   keeping  of  prohibited,   when 

Pipes  in  vent  shafts 

Plan  of  lot.  filing  of  required,  when 

Plans,  specifications,  must  accompany  building  permit  application- 
must  be  kept  on  premises,  or  work,  when 

required,   when   

statements  examined,  permit  issued,  when 

subject  to  inspection,  when 

Plaster   board  lathing,    automobile  storage  rooms 

boiler   room    ceilings 

ceilings  garages,  machine,  repair  shops 

elevator,    similar    shafts,    when 

fireproof   building,    certain   requirements 

inner  court  walls,   when 

passageway  to   rear  yard 

penthouses,    roof    structures 

semifireproof    buildings,    certain    requirements 

stairways,    when 

vent   shafts,    when 

wooden  buildings,   hallways,   stairways,  etc 

Plastering,  ceilings  automobile  storage  rooms,  how 

ceilings   boiler  rooms,   how 

ceilings  garages,  machine,  repair  shops 

cellars,    when    

elevator,    similar   shafts,    how 

fireproof  buildings,  certain  requirements 

inner  court  walls,  how. 

passageway  to  rear  yard,  when,  how 

penthouses,   roof   structures 

semifireproof  buildings,  certain  requirements 

walls,  ceilings  in  basements,  when 

water-closet,    bath,    slop-sink   compartments 

wooden  buildings,  certain  requirements 

wooden  stairways,  how,  when 

vent  shafts,  cement  plaster,  when 

vent  shafts,  how 

Platforms  may  project  in  rear  yard,  when 

Platforms  of  stairways,  public  hallways,  when 


68,  89,  90 

89,90 

17  to  22 

341 

327 

20 

21 

27 

28 

27 

3 

27 

25 

24 

23,  24,  29 

327 

212 

22 

18 

17  to  22 

18 

17 

17 


328 

282 

17 

17 

19 

17 

18 

19 

290 

285 


274,  275 

54 

284 

100 

238,  239 

72 

233 

278 

77,78 

290 

285 


116 
274,  275 

54 
284 
100 
238 

72 
118 
185 

78 

233 

280 

278 

79,95,97 

70 


17  to  22 

341 

327 

20 

21 

27 

28 

27 

3 

27 

25 

24 

23,  24.  29 

327 

212 

22 

18 

17  to  22 

18 

17 

17 


298 
309 
302 
328 
282 

17 

17 

19 

17 

18 

19 

292 

285 

292 

274,  275 

54 

284 

100 

238,  239 

72 
233 
278 
77,78 
292 
285 
292 
116 
274,  275 

54 
284 
100 
23S 

72 
118 
190 

78 
233 
280 
278 

80 

70 


341 


331 


INDEX. 


109 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.^=:  Tenement  houses;  H.^  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


T. 


Plumbing— connections,  lead,  iron,  steel,  brass. 
construction,   general  

fixtures,    cleanliness,    sanitation   of 


insanitary,    order   removed, 
maintenance,   repair   of 


need  not  bs  installed,  when 

painting,  repair  floors,  beneath,  around 

pipes  In  vent  shafts 

running  water  connections  to 

(see  also  Bath  tubs.) 
(see  also  Showers.) 
(see  also  Sinks.) 
(see  also  Watorclosets.) 

sewer   connections    for 

when  not  installed,  proper  facilities  to  substitute 

woodwork  enclosing  prohibited,  removal  of,  when 

work,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

Porches  through  which  windows  open,  sizes  of 

Poultry,  certain  kinds,  keeping  of  prohibited 

Power  of  cities  impose  further  restrictions  not  affected 

Practicability,    running  water  provisions,   department  decides... 

Premises,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

Prevention  of  violations,  procedure 

Privacy,  design  of  apartment  for 

Private,  public,  clubs  are  hotels,  when 

Privy,  contrary  to  law,  unlawful 

Privy  vault,  similar  receptacle,  removal  of,  when 

Procedure,  duty  departments  regarding  lien 

to  obtain  restraining  order,   injunction 

to  prevent  violations,  vacate  buildings,  abate  nuisances,  etc.. 

Projections  into  courts,  how  much 

into   stairways,    when 

into  yards,  how  much 

various  kinds  in  yards,  courts,  occupied  space,  when 

Proper  facilities,  substitute  plumbing  fixtures,  when 

Proper  description,  notice  filed  required 

Protection  requirements  held  to  be  minimum 

Provisions  deemed  minimum  of  requirements  for 

Public  alley  computed  part  outer  court,  when 

alley  computed  part  rear  yard,  when 

Public  automobile  garage,  construction  of 

automobile  garage  prohibited,  when 

Public   clubs   are   hotels,    when 

Public  dining  rooms,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system 

dining  rooms,  window  area  required 

Public  hallways,  additional,  ceiling  heights  of 

cleanliness,   sanitation  of 

definition    of    

illumination    of,    when 

lathing  of,   when 

measurement    of    widths 

offset,  recesses,  cut  off,   from 

relation  egress  from  apartments,  rooms 

scuttle    in,    when 

skylights,    windows    in 

Public  records,  .names,  addresses,  etc.,  when 

Public  towels   prohibited,   when 

Rabbit,  keeping  of  prohibited,  when 

Rags,  keeping  of,  requires  permit 

Ratprooflng,  ground  floor 

kitchen   floors,   when 

Rear  hotel,  definition  of 

prohibited,  when  


214 
J  199,  213, 
\  214,  215 
323,  324 

215 
323,  324 

212 
213,  217 

282 
209,  211 


210 

212 
186,  213 
8 

144 

328 

343 
212,  273 

323 
16,  333 

183 


8 

199 

334 

333 

16,  333 

46 

234 

79,  95,  97 

68 

212 

336,  337 

341 

341 

104 

95,98 


328 


304 
323 

70 

310,  311 

78,  100 

242 

177 

218 

237,  241 

174  to  178 

33S 


328 

327 

119  to  125 


214 
199,  213, 
214,  215 
323,  324 

215 
323,324 

212 
213,  217 

282 
209,  211 


210 

212 

213 

8 

148 

328 

343 

212,  273 

323 

16,  333 

57 

8 

199 

334 

333 

16,  333 

46 

234 

80 

212 
336,  337 
341 
341 
104 
99 
292 

57 

149.  293 

)  159,  171, 

I     172 

304 

323 

70 

310,  311 

78,  100 

242 

177 

218 

237,  241 

174  to  178 

S."8 

326 

328 

327 

119  to  125 

308 

71 

81 


216 
216,  217 

318,  323 
324 

318,  323 
324 

212 


209 


210 
212 
217 
8 
152 
331 
343 
212 
323 
16,  333 


8 

S34 

333 

16,  333 

151 

151 

212 

341 
841 


no 


INDEX, 


SUBJECT 


T.^  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Paragraph  niunbers 


Rear  lot,  definition  of 

Rear  ol  lot,  definition  of 

Rear  tenement  house,  definition  of 

prohibited,  when  

Rear  yard,  access  to  required -- 

corner  lot,  how  measured  relation  building  height 

corner  lot,  how  measured,  relation  depth  of  lot 

corner  lot,  measured  from  where 

definition  of  

depth  of,  comer  lot 

depth  of,  interior  lot 

how  measured,  general  and  on  irregular  lot 

interior  lot,  extend  ground  to  sky 

interior  lot,  how  measured,  depth  relation  to  building. 

interior  lot,  how  measured,  relation  building  height 

required,   when   

shall  extend  across  width  of  lot 

size  of,  hotels  when  required 

two    buildings,    requirements    for 

Receptacles   for  garbage,   ashes,   etc 

Reception  rooms,  ceiling  heights  of 

construction  of,  general 

living  in  prohibited,  when 

sleeping  in  prohibited,  when 

ventilation  of  by  fan  exhaust  system 


63 

n 

81 
100 

97 

97 

97 

79 

97 
95,96 

94 

95 

94 

95,96 

91,  95,  97 

95,97 


windows  required,  sizes  of,  when. 


Recess  from  a  room,  ceiling  height  of 

size    allowed   

Recesses  from  court,  yard,  street,  sizes  allowed 

from  hallways,  public  hallways,  when 

Reconstruction  of,  building  department  enforces 

contrary  to  law  unlawful 

damaged  by   fire,   elements,  how 

existing  buildings,  contrary  law  unlawful 

Records  open  public  inspection,  when 

Refuse,    receptacles   for  

Renewal,  of  paint,  calcimine,  paper  when 

of  paint,  whitewash,  courts,  shafts,  when 

Renewal,  permit  of  occupancy,  each  year 

Repair  automobile  shop  prohibited,  when 

construction    of,    when 

Repair  of  fire  escapes  required 

Repairs,    general    

Repapering  walls,  partitions,  ceilings,  how 

Repeal  of,  former  hotel  and  lodging  house  act 

former  hotel,  lodging  house  laws,  which 

former  tenement  house   act 

former  tenement  house  laws,  which 

inconsistent    laws    

Repealing  of  laws  by  municipalities  not  allowed 

Requirements,  buildings  erected  prior  to  passage  of  act  (see  Exist- 
ing buildings). 

dormitories  erected  prior  passage  of  act 

for  protection,  minimum  declared 

Restraining  order  may  be  obtained,  when 

Retaining  walls  may  project  in  yard,  court,  when 

Rise  of  stairs,  height  of... 

Roller  public  towels  prohibited,  when 

Roof  covering,  semifireproof  building 

Roof  egress  from  stairways  required,  when 


92, 93  j 
320 
170 
194  to  170 
170 
170 
166 

164,  165 

131 
131 

108 
177 


13 
9 
338 
320 
312 
313 

25 
328 


269 
315 
314 


346 

346 
342 
341 


341 
333 

6S 
229 


Roof  structure,   penthouse,   required,   when. 

Roofs,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

Roofs,  waterproof,  good  repair  of 

Rooming  house  (see  Hotel) 


72 
\  236,  237, 
/  241 
\  236,  237, 
I     241 

323 

315 


100 
99 


92,  93 

321 

173 
171  to  173 

173 

173 
149,  293 
145,  146, 
148,  159, 
171,  172 

135 

136 

108 

177 


13 
9 
338 
321 
312 
313 

25 

292 
269 
.SI  5 
314 
347 
347 


342 

341 


303 
341 
333 

229 

326 
■  72 
236,  237, 

241 
236,  237, 

241 

323 

315 
57 


Ifr 
322- 


317 
314 


34? 

341 


341 
33» 


32S 
31T 


INDEX. 


Ill 


SUBJECT 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Paragraph  numbers 
T.  H. 


Rooms— additional,    ceiling    heights    of 

automobiles  stored  in,  construction  of 

boiler,  furnace  installed  in,  construction  of- 

ceiling  heights,   and  measurements  of 

cleanliness,  sanitation  of 


entertainment,  amusement,  reception,  dining  construction  of — 

existing  buildings,  skylights,  when.. — 

existing  buildings,  windows  in,  when 

for  cooking,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system — 

for  preparing,  storing  food,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system., 
housing,  boiler,  furnace,  water-lieating  apparatus,  construction, 

when    

in   attics,   ceiling  height  of 

not  to  be  subdivided,  when 

overcrowding  of,   a  nuisance 

require    windows    


301 
290.  291 
285  to  289 
130,  131 

323 

V  133,  161 

I  to  170 

305 

305 


304 
292 
285  to  289  i 
134,  135       141,  142 


285  to  288 

130 

132 

67 

143,  144 


323 
138,  171 
to  173 

305 

305 
149,  293 
149,  293 

285  to  288 

134 

137 

67 

145  to  149 


323 


sizes   of   rooms 128  to  133  ;  134  to  139 


sleeping  rooms  are  guest  rooms,  when 

sloping  ceilings  in,  heights  of 

space  in.  in  ratio  to  persons  sleeping  in 

water-closets,  widths,  ceiling  heights,  of 

where  food  stored,  prepared,  construction  of,  when 

where  spirituous  liquors,  drugs,  paints,  oils  stored,  kept. 

widths  of  required 

window    areas    required 

Rubbish,   accumulation   of   prohibited,   when 

Rubbish,   receptacles   for 

Rugs,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

Running  water  required,  existing  buildings,  when 

Running  water  required,  when,  where 

Sanitation  of,  housing  department,   enforces 


56 
130 
309 
131 


plumbing  fixtures 


plumbing   installed  existing  buildings. 

premises,  graveling,  paving,  when 

under,  ground  or  lowest  floor 

Sash  in  window  openings  to  Are  escapes.. 

School  sinks,  removal  of,  when 

Scope  of  laws 


Screening,  mosquito,  fly,  required,  when 

Sculleries,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system. 

windows  required,   sizes   of 


330 

130,  131 

153  to  155 

119,  323 

320 

323 

211 

209,  211 

3 

199,  213 

to  215, 

323 

199 

316 

119  to  125 

268 

199 

1 

J  144,  212, 

I     319 


Scuttle,  remain  unlocked,  how 

required    existing   building,   when 

required,  location,  size  of,  when 

Seats,  water-closets,  must  be  nonabsorbent 

wooden,  existing  buildings  make  nonabsorbent. 

Semiflreproof  building,  construction  general 

elevator,   similar  shafts,   construction 

inner  court   walls,   construction 

height,    stories    allowed 

Semiflreproof  hotel,  definition  of 

general    construction    of 

Semifireproof  tenement  house,  definition  of 

general   construction    of 

Serving  of  notice,  when,  procedure 

Sewer  connections,  plumbing  fixtures 

Sewer  work,  contrary  law  unlawful 

Sewerage,  disposal  of,  how,  etc. 


241 

241 

237,  241 

213,  214 

214 

72 

275 

284 

84 


134 

309 

135 

308 

330 

134,  135 

156  to  159 

119,  323 

321 

323 

211 

209,  211 

3 

199,  213 

to  216, 

323 

199 

316 

119  to  125 

268 

199 

1 

148,  212, 
319 

149,  293 
145,  146, 
148,  156, 

157 
241 
241 
237,  241 
213,  214 
214 

72 
275 
284 

84 

72 

72 


72 

72 

339,  340 

210 

8 

210,  212 


141 

67 
150  to 
152 

140  to 

142 

56 

141 

309 

142 


141,  142 

160,  161 

127,  323 

322 

323 

209 
3 

199, 

216. 

318,  323 


127 


152,  212, 
319 


339,  340  339,  340 

210  SIC 

8  8 

210.  212  210,  212 


112 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.^  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Paragraph  numbers 


Shafts,   construction   of  general-.. .-. 274  to  283 

diminishing  size,   contrary  law  unlawful \  9 

elevator,   dumb-waiter,   similar,   etc |  274  to  277 

vent  shafts,  construction,  sizes,  etc 1  278  to  283 

Shall,  definition  of —  73 

Sheets,    cleanliness   of 325 

Shop,  repair,  machine,  construction,  when 1 

Shop,  repair,  machine,  prohibited,  when 328 

....  \  185,  188. 

Shower  room,   construction  of i  <     ,02 

ventilation   of   by   exhaust   system. 


windows  required,  sizes  of,  when j     jL^     ' 


windows  to  vent  shafts,  when 

Showers,  bath  tubs,  number  required, 
in    dormitori?s    


need  not  be  installed,  when 

required  in   existing  building 

Side  yard,  definition  of 

widths   of,    reduced  when 

Signs  indicating  location  fire  escapes,  each  floor- 
Sill  of  window,  door,  to  fire  escape,  location 

Sills,  doors  in  boiler  rooms 

Sinks,  cleanliness,  sanitation,  repair  of 


Sinks,  kitchen,  slop,  required,  when. 
Size  of  rooms 


144 

200,  205, 

208 


Size  of  water-elossts,  closets,  dressing  rooms. 
Size  of  windows,  in  dormitories 


m  rooms 


212 
205,  208 
79,  102 

102 

259 

267 

288 
323,  324 

\  201,  205, 
I     208 
J  128,  129, 
I     309 
131 


153,  154, 
164, 165 


in  water-closets,  bath,  toilet,  slop-sink,  shower  rooms 162 

Skylights,   cleanliness;,   sanitation  of 323 

diminishing  size,  removal  of,  unlawful,  when ;  9 

equipment,    construction    of j  179,  180 

location  of,  public  hallways 173 

over    stairways,    location,    size 1  179 

over  stairways,   stairwells - 179  to  182 

public  hallways,  required  in,  when j  ^^g  g„g 

public  hallways,  ventilators  in,  size  of 174,  176 


rooms  in  existing  buildings,  when 

ventilating  elevator  shafts 

ventilating   water-closets,    when 

when  windows  substitute  for 

Sleeping  prohibited,  in  amusement  rooms,  when 

in   cellars   

in  dining,  reception  rooms,  when 

in  entertainment  rooms,   when 

in  hallways,   closets,   kitchens 

in  overcrowded  rooms 

in  recess  from  room,  dressing  room,  when 

in  water-closets,  bath,  slop-sink  rooms 

various  places,  where  

where  damp,  offensive,  obnoxious,  poisonous  odors 

where  dangerous,  prejudicial  life,  health 309 

where  insufficient  light,  windows,  ventilation,  drainage 309 

Sleeping  rooms— are  guest  rooms,  when , 

in   basements,    general   requirements j       117 

require  given  floor  space  in  ratio  persons  in '       309 

Slop-hoppers,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 323,  324 


305 
277 
197 
181 
170 
115 
170 
170 
309 
309 
309 


309 
309 


274  to  2S3 

9 

274  to  277 

278  to  283 

73 

325 

292 

190,  191, 

204 

147,  293 

145  to  148, 

162 

147 
203,  20a, 

208 

302 

212 
206,  208 
80,  102 

102 

259 

267 

288 
323,  324 

203,  207, 
208 

134,  309 

135,  136 
300    I 

158,157, 
171,  172, 

300 

162 

323 

9 

179,  180. 

178  \ 

179  I 
179  to  182 

174  to  ] 
178,  308  I 
174,  176 

305 

277 

197 

181 

173 

115 

173 

173 

309 

309 

309 

309 

309 

309 

309 

309 
56 

117 

309 
32S,  324 


152 
10 


152 
73 


150  to 

152,  183 

152 


212 


318,  323, 
324 


140,  309 


142 


163 
323 
10 


115 


309 
309 
309 
309 


309 

309 

58 

117 


318,  323. 
324 


INDEX. 


113 


SUBJECT 

Paragraph  numbers 

T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.^  Hotels;  D.^ Dwellings 

T.        1        H.        1      D. 

I 

Slop-sink,   cleanliness,  sanitation  of. 


need  not  be  installed,  when. 


required   each   floor,   when 

Slop-sink  rooms,  ceiling  heights  of. 


323,324 


construction   of  

ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system- 
windows  required,  sizes  of,  when.. 


131 

\  185,  185, 
I     202 


windows  to  vent  shafts,  when 

Smoke  and  Are  towers,  construction  of 

Soflats,  stairways,  lathing,   plastering,   whan 

Space  covered,  etc.,  is  occupied  space,  when 

Space  occupied,  definition  of,   determined  where 

Space  under,  lowest,  ground  floor,  enclosure  of 

lowest,  ground  floor,  cleanliness  of 

Spacing  beds,  dormitories,  horizontal,  vertical 

Special  permit,  plumbing  not  installed 

Specifications,   filing  of  required 

Spiral  chute  fire  escape,  use,  construction 

Spirituous  liquors,  rooms  kept  in,  construction  of- 

Stable,  maintaining  of,   prohibited,  when 

Stairway,  and  fire  and  smoke  tower  combined 

Stairways,    access   to   

are  public  hallways,  when 

circular,   prohibited   

cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

closets  under,  construction  of 

computing  floor  area  for  number  of 


J  143,  144, 

I     162 

144 

256,  257 

78,  233 

68 

68 

120 

119 


construction  of,  general- 


continuous,  ground  floor  to  top  story. 

existing  buildings,  when 

extend  to  roof,  when 


fireproof  tenement  house,  hotel,  number  of. 

flights  of,  directly  above  each  other 

floor  area  in  relation  thereto 

handrails  for  

head  room   in 

illumination    of,    when 

landings  and  treads  in 

located,  removed  from  each  other,  how 

location  of,  furnish  best  egresses 

location  of  relation  boilers,  heaters,  meters.. 

location  relation   elevator  shaft 

may  extend  into  yards,  when 

measurements   of,   how  taken 


minimum    width    of 

must  be  continuous 

not  abut  more  one  side  elevator  shaft,  when 

not  pass  through,  terminate  in  boiler  room 

outside  projecting  in  yards,   courts,  etc 

penthous?,  roof  structure  for,  construction  of- 

prcii-ctions    into    

relation  egress  from   apartments,  rooms 

removal  of,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

required,   number  and  where 

rise  of  stairs  in 

roof   egress    from .„ 

scuttle  for,  required  when 


Bemifireproof  tenement  house,  hotel,  number  of- 


212 

17 

255 

330 

328 

258 

226 

70 

230 

235,  323 

235 

224 

54,  72, 

78,  229 

to  234 

231 

241 

236 

\    54,  219, 

I     220 

231 

220  to  224 

232 

229 

310,  311 

230 

218,  225 

218,  225 

228 

227 

79,  95,  97 

234 

\  220,  221, 

I     222 

231 

227 

228 

68 

238  to  240 

234 

218 

9 

219  to  223 

229 

2.38,  241 

237,  241 

\    72,  219, 

I     221 


323,  324 

318,  323, 

1      824 

212                  212 

)  203,  207, 
I     208 

1.35                  142 

190,  191, 

204 

147,  293 

145  to  148,      150  to 

162 

152 

147 

256,  257 

78,  233 

120 

127 

119 

127 

299 

212 

17 

255 

328                  331 

258 

223 

70        ' 

230 

235,  323 

323 

235 

224 

54,  72, 

78,  229 

to  234 

231 

241 

238 

54.  219, 

220 

231 

220  to  224 

232 

229 

310,  311 

230 

218,  225 

218,  225 

228 

227 

80 

234 

220,  221, 

222 

231 

227 

228 

238  to  210 

234 

218 

9 

219  to  223 

229 

238,  241 

237,  241 

72,  219, 

221 

114 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 

Paragraph  numbers 

T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 

T. 

H.             D. 

Stairways— Continued. 

skylights    over,    when !  179  to  182 

soffits,   stringers,   lathing,   plastering,   when 78,233 


some   terminate   second   floor,    when 

to  bas'^ment  or  cellar 

to  roof  existing  buildings,  when 

treads  of  stairs  in 

underside  of  wooden,  lathing,  plastering,  how. 

widths  of,   increase,   when 

winders   in,    prohibited 

winding,  prohibited   


wooden  tenement  house,  hotel,  number  of- 
Stairwells,    construction   of 


size  of  

Standpipes,   exterior,   required  when 

kind,  size,   valves  to 

need  not  be  installed,  when 

number  of  required,  locations  of 

valves,  threading  of,  size 

State  employees  may  enter  buildings,  when 

State  empowered  to  enforce  laws,  when 

Steam  boiler,  location,  relation  stairways 

Steam  pipes  in  vent  shafts 

Stories,  heights  include  basements 

(see  Heights  of  buildings.) 

Straw,  keeping  of,  requires  permit 327 

Street,  computed  percentage  lot  unoeeupied,  when 89,  90 

definition  of  74 

part  rear  yard,  when 

to  street  lot,  percentage  computation 89,  90 

to  street  lot,  rear  yard 98,98 

width  relation   building  heights 86 

Studio  hotels  (see  Hotel) I 


231 

223 

241 

229 
78,233 

231 

230 

230 
J    78,219, 
/  222,  233 
72,  78,  233 

182 

270 

270 

273 

271 

272 

31 

7 

228 

282 
87 


Subdividing  rooms,  prohibited,  when 

Suffering  laws  be  violated,   unlawful 

Superintendent  of  buildings  is  building  department,  when.. 

Superior  court,  judge  thereof  may  grant  relief,  violations- 
judge  thereof  may  order  execution  of  work 

judge  thereof  may  order  restraining  violations 


132 
8 
43 
333 
333 
333 


Supplementary    ordinances,    amplifying   laws   permissible 341  to  343 


Swill,  depositing  of,  except  place  provided,  prohibited. 

in  p'umbing  fixtures,  connections  prohibited 

Swine,  keeping  of  prohibited,  when 

Tenants  provide  garbage,  similar  receptacles 

Tenement  house,  definition  makes  certain  exemptions- 
definition    of   

fireproof,  definition  of,  construction  general 

fireproof,   number  of  stairways 

is  a  "rear  tenement  house,"  when 

require   firs   escapes,   when 

semiflreproof,  definition  of,  construction  general., 
semifireproof,   number   of   stairways- 


324 

324 

328 

320 

75 

75 

54 

220 

71 

243 

72 

221 

wooden,  definition  of,  construction,  general |     77,  78 

222 
231 
339 
163 
1 
323 
310,  311 


179  to  182 

78,233 

231 

223 

241 

229 

78,233 

231 

230 

230 

78,  219, 

222,  233 

72,  78,  233 

182 

270 

270 

273 

271 

272 

31 

7 

228 

232 

87 

327 

74 
99 

99 

86 

57 

137 

8 

43 

333 

333 

333 

341  to  343 

324 
324 

328 


wooden,    number  of  stairways- 
Termination  of  stairways,  second  floor,  when 

Time  before  notice  is  effective 

Time,  change  of  air,  in  rooms,  ventilation  system.. 

Title  of  laws 

Toilet  rooms,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

illumination    of,    when 

ventilation  of,  by  exhaust  system 


windows  in  required,  sizes  of,  when 

windows  may  open  to  vent  shafts 

Towels,  public  roller,  prohibited,  when 

Town  ordinances  imposing  further  restrictions  not  affected. 


341,342 


231 

339 

295 
1 

323 
310,  311 
147,  293 
145  to  148, 

162 

147 

326 
341,  342 


INDEX. 


115 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


D. 


Towns  may  enact  supplementary  ordinances,  laws 311 

Towns  may  impose  further  restrictions !        341 

Transfer  ownership,  notice  of  filed,  when ■        336 

Trapping,  venting,  plumbing  fixtures - \        213 

Treads  of  stairs,  size  of 229,  230 

Trim,  frames  of  door,  etc.,  shaft  openings,  construction  of j        276 

Trim  of  openings,  water-closet,  bath,  slop-sink  compartment ;    185,  204 

Turkish  baths,  a  hotel,  when 

definition  of 

ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system .' 


windows  in  required,  sizes  of. 


Two  means  of  egress,  how i       218 

Two   stairways   required -- |       219 

Two  tiers  of  beds  in  dormitories,  when ' 

Type  lock,  window  opening  fire  escape 

Uncleanliness,  air,  food,  drink,  a  nuisance 

Unconstitutional,  if  so  held,  affects  only  part  of  law 

Uiilawfu!— commence,  proceed  alteration  of  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  building  of,  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  building  upon  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  construction  of,  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  conversion  of,  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  erection  of,  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  moving  of,  without  permit 

commence,  proceed  reconstruction  of  without  permit 

to  alter,  change  existing  buildings  contrary  law 

to  oc?upy  without  certificate  of  completion i      23,  29 

to  occupy  without  permit  of  occupancy-— 23,  24,  29 

to  violate  laws 8 

Unwholesome  air.  food,  drinks,  nuisance,  when 67 

Urinals  in  dormitories  required 

Urine,  depositing  of  except  place  provided,  prohibited 324 

Use,  occupancy,  contrary  to  law,  unlawful 8 

Utility  rooms,  ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system 


268 

67 

344 

17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
9 


Utility  rooms,  windows  in,  sizes  of. 


Vacatlon  of— building,  no  certificate,  permit,  when ,         29 

buildings,    premises,    procedure '      16,  333 


Validity  each  section,  sentence,  clause,  phrase.. 

Valves  for  standplpes,  kind,  location  of 

threading  of,   size   of 

Ventilating  basement,  front  yard 


..- 344 

-_.. 270.  271 

'  272 

101 

4.       .•           i.  \  176,  179 

construction   of <     -oj. 


Ventilating  skylights 

skylights,   ventilators,   over   elevator   shafts 

Ventilating  fan  exhaust  system,  construction,  use,  maintenance  of 
penalty  failure  operate  at  all  times 


277 
165  to  160 


substitutes   windows,   when 163  to  169 

use  of,   when 163 

Ventilation  of,  housing  department,  enforces 3 

If  insufficient,  nuisance,  when 67 

basements,    when    '        118 

cellars,   when   116 

ground,  lowest  floor 119  to  125 

public  hallways,  existing  buildings,  when 306 

rooms,  hallways,  existing  buildings,  when 305,  306 

under  lowest,  ground  floor 120 

\  176,  180, 

- - ,  I     181 

In  public  hallways,  size  of 176,  181 

over  elevator  shafts 277 

Venting,  trapping  plumbing  fixtures 213 


Ventilators,    construction,    sizes   of. 


341 
341 
336 
213 
229,  230 

276 

190,  204 

57 

76 

149,  293 

{ 145,  146, 

■{  148,  156, 

[    157 

218 

219 

299 

268 

I    344 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
9 
23,29 
23,  24.  29 
8 
67 
302 
324 
8 
149,  293 
f  145,  146, 
^  148.  156, 
[  157 
29 
16.  333 

344 
270.  271 

I    101 
\   176,  179, 
180 
277 
293  to  296 

295 
f  147,  149, 
i    293  to 
[  298 
149,  293 
3 
67 
;    118 
116 
119  to  125 

306 
305.  308 

120 

178,  180, 

I    181 

178.  181 

277 

213 


311 
341 


210 


«7 
344 


87 


324 
8 


16,  333 
344 


3 
67 

lis 


116 


INDEX. 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.^  Dwellings 


D. 


Vent  shaft,  air  intalies  have  screens 

air  intakes  to,  construction,  size  of 

area  increased  ratio  height,  when 

area  of,  required  . 

cement  plaster  required,  when 

construction    enclosing   walls 

construction  of,  general  requirements 

draining  of  

existing  buildings,  door,  window  required 

is  o;;cupied  space,   when 

measurements  of  relation  to  heights 

minimum    ar?a    in 

miai!rum  dimensions  of 

opjnings  in,  construction,   equipment  of 

require   door,   window,   bottom   of 

size  of,  existing  buildings,  when 

Vermin,    disinfecting   of,    when 

V°stibul9,  is  public  hallway,  when 

Violation,  construction,  alteration  may  be  enjoined 

converting,  maintaining,  etc.,  may  be  enjoined 

of  laws  is   a   misdemeanor 

of  laws,  subject   to  fine,   imprisonment,   when 

of  laws,   unlawful 

prevention  of,  procedure 

Violators  liable  costs,  expenses,  of  prosecution 

Wall  paper  must  be  removed,  when 

Walls,  basements,  construction  of,  plastered,  when 

boiler  rooms,  construction  of 

ceilings,   painting  of,   when 

cellars,  construction  of,  plastered,  when 

cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

cleanliness  when  repapered,  repainted 

courts,  shafts,  painted,  whitewashed,  when 

exterior,  courts,  construction  of,  semiflreproof  buildings.. 

exterior,  courts,   roof,  fireproof  buildings 

floors,  painting,  repair  of 

plastering  of  in  basements,  when 

plastering  of  in  cellars,  when 

public  hallways,  wooden  buildings,  lathing,  plastering  of- 

retaining,  may  project  in  yards,  courts,  when 

water-closets,  bath,  sink  rooms,  construction 

Washing,    yards,    courts,    passageways 

Wash-rooms,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

Wash-sinks    in    dormitories 

Water-closet   bowls,   kind 


282 
282. 
281 
281 
280 
278 


282 
282 
281 
281 
280 
278 


278  to  283    278  to  283 
316  313 

107  107 


281 
281 
281 
279 
107,283 
305 
314 

70 
333 
333 

15 

15 

8 

16,  833 

15 
314 

lis 

285 
312 
116 
323 
314 
313 

72 

54 
213 
118 
116 

78 

6S 

185,  204 

209,  211 

323 


Water-closet  compartments,   construction   of. 
floors   waterproof,    how   


general    requirements    

illumination    of,    when 

trim   of   openings  

ventilation  of  by  exhaust  system.. _ 

widths,   ceilings  heights   of 

window   areas   required   

windows,  may  open  to  vent  shafts. 

Water-closets,    accessibility    of 

accessibility'  of  in  apartments 

cleanliness,  sanitation  of,  repair  of. 


existing  buildings,  exempt,  when 

fixtures,  enclosing  of,  prohibited,  when. 

for  employees  

hereafter  installed  must  conform 

in  dormitories  

in  top  story,  existing  buildings,  how... 
insanitary,  order  removed 


214 
\  131,  185, 
I     1S6 

188 
^  131,  184 
}  to  186 
310,  311 

185 


131 

162 

144 
183,  194 

183 
323,  324 

195 
186 


197 


197 
215 


281 
281 
281 
279 
107,  283 
305 
314 

70 
333 
333 

15 

15 

8 

16,  333 

15 
314 
118 
285 
312 
116 
323 
314 
313 

72 

54 
213 
118 
116 

78  . 

190,  204 
209,  211 

323 

302 

214 
135,  189, 
190,  191 

191 
135,  187 
to  191 
310,  311 

190 

293 

135 

162 

147 
187,  195 

323,  324 

195 

188 
197 
S02 
197 
215 


INDEX. 


m 


SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.:=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


T. 


H. 


D. 


Water-closets— Continued. 

location   of   in   apartments 

location  relation  where  food  prepared,  stored. 

locations  of  - 


marked  "For  men"  "For  women" 

need  not  be  installed,  when 

number   required    

number  required,  existing  buildings 

one  within  each  apartment 

replacing  defective,   inadequate  fixtures 

replacing  existing  privies,  school  sinks,  similar  receptacles- 
required,  existing  buildings 

required,  new  buildings 

seats,    nonabsorbent   

varnishing,  enameling  of,  when 

Water  facilities  required,  when 

Water  faucets,  existing  buildings,  when 

in  yards,  courts,  passageways,  when 

need  not  be  installed,  when 

size,  kind,  type 

Water  heating  apparatus  room,  construction 

Waterproof  roofs,  good  repair  of 

Waterproofing,  basement  walls,  floors,  when 

bath,  shower,  sink  room,  floors 

cellar  walls,  floors,  when 

water-closet  compartment  floors,  how 

Water  service  connections,  cut  off  valves,  locations 

Water  to  be  conveyed  from  premises,  when ' 

When  Commission  Immigration  and  Housing  enforces  laws 

When  existing  buildings  need  not  fully  comply 


When  janitor,  housekeeper  required 

When  plumbing  fixtures  need  not  be  installed 

When  standpipes  need  not  be  installed 

When  state  may  enforce  laws 

When  street,  alley,  is  part  percentage  lot  unoccupied. 

When  street,  alley,  is  part  yards,  courts 

Widths— of   front   yards 

of   hallways   

of   rooms,   minimum 


of  stairways,  measurements  of 

of  street,  measured  relation  building  heights- 


of  treads,  landings,  in  stairs  not  to  vary. 

Winding  stairways  prohibited 

Window  curtains,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of... 
Window  measurements,  how  taken 


Windows,   areas  of,  general- 


cleanliness,    sanitation    of   

diminishing  sizes,  contrary  law  unlawful- 
dormitories,  sizes,  determined  how 


exhaust  system  ventilation,  substitutes,  when- 


general  requirements  - - 

giving  access  to  fire  escapes 

in  kitchens  not  to  open  through  porches. 

locations   of,    general 


183,  184 

185 

)  183, 184, 

(     193 

193 

212 

184 

193 

184 

197 

199 

193,  195 

184 
213,  214 
213,  214 
209,  211 

211 
209,  211 

212 

209,  211 

285  to  288 

315 

118 

202 

116 

185,  188 

214 
212,  315 

7 
\  195,  208, 
I     212 
332 
212 
273 
7 
89,90 
96,  98,  104 
101 
242 
130,  131 
)  220  to 
I  222,  234 

86 

229,  230 

230 

323 

155 

153,  154, 

162,  164, 

165 

323 


must  open,  how  

must  open  to  street,  unoccupied  area- 
must  open  to  street,  yard,  court 

openings,  auto  storage  rooms 

public  hallways,  required— 

public  hallways,  size  of 


166 

J  143,  144, 
I     175 
267,  268 

144 
f  143,  144, 
■j  175,  287, 
[     263 
\  144,  175, 
/     268 


189 
187,  188, 

194 
187,  194 

212 
187,  188 

194 

197 
199 

194,  195 
187,188 
213,  214 
213,  214 
209,  211 

211 
209,  211 

212 

209,  211 

285  to  288 

315 

118 

204 

116 
190,  191 

214 
212,  315 
7 

195,  208, 
212 
332 
212 
273 

7 

99,  104 

101 

242 
134,  135 
220  to 
222,  234 

86 
229,  230 

230 

323 

158 
156,  157, 
162,  171, 
172,  300 

323 
9 

300 
\  147,  149, 
I     293 
145  to 
149,  175 
267,  288 

148 
145,  146, 
175,  267, 

26S 
148.  175. 

263 


(  174 
?  143. 144, 

291 
174  to  178 

175        i 


145. 174 

292 

174  to  178 

175 


212 
192 


192 
218 
216 
209 


212 


.117 
118 


317 
7 


212 
7 


141,  142 


323 

161 

160,163 


150  to 
152 


150.  15S 


8—46714 


118 


INDEX. 


•     SUBJECT 


Paragraph  numbers 


T.=  Tenement  houses;  H.=  Hotels;  D.=  Dwellings 


Windows— Continued. 

public  hallways,  when  skylight  substitutes- 
removal  of,  contrary  to  law,  unlawful 

required  bottom  courts,  vent  shafts 


required,  where,  when,  general 

sash,  frame,  shaft  openings,  construction 

screens  required,  when 

shaft  openings,  wired  glass 

sizes,  amusement,  reception,  entertainment  rooms. 

sizes  of,  required  existing  buildings,  when 

sizes  of,  public  hallways 

sizes  of,  rooms 

sizes  of,  toilet,  shower,  sink  rooms 

sizes  of,  water-closet.s,  bath  rooms 

substituted  by  French  windows,  doors,  when 

when  exhaust  system  ventilation  may  substitute.. 

when   may    substitute    skylight 

when  they  may  be  omitted,  how 


174 

174 

9 

9 

107,  283 

107,  283 

)  143,  174, 

143,  174, 

I  305,  305 

305,  303 

277 

277 

319 

319 

277 

277 

.  164,  165 

171,  172 

305,  306 

305,  308 

175,  268 

175,  268 

153  to  155 

156  to  159 

162 

162 

162 

162 

178 

178 

J  147,  149, 
I     293 

166 

181 

181 

IfVt 

J  147,  149, 

160,  161 
163 


when  they  may  open  through  porches 

when  they  may  open  to  vent  shafts 

wired  glass  in  shaft  openings 

Wooden  building,  elevator,  similar  shafts,  construction 

Wooden  buildings,  inner  court  walls,  construction 

Wooden  hotel,  definition  of. . 

Wooden  seats,  water-closets,  nonabsorbent,  how 

Wooden  stairways,  lathing,  plastering  of,  how 

Wooden  tenement  house,  definition  of 

Wooden  tenement  house,  hotel,   general  construction 

Wooden  tenement  house,  hotel,  height,  stories  allowed 

Wooden  tenement  house,  hotel,  number  of  stairways 

Wooden  wash  trays,  sinks,   prohibited 

Woodwork,  enclosing  plumbing  flbrtures  prohibited 

enclosing  plumbing  fixtures,  removal  of 

enclosing   water-closet  fixture   prohibited 

Words— "building  department,"  "housing  department,"  "health  de- 
partment,"   "department   charged  with   the  enforcement  of  this 

act,"   "fire  commissioner,"  etc 

used  masculine  gender  include  feminine,  vice  versa 

used  present  tense  include  future 

>    used  singular  include  plural 

Yard,  cleanliness,  sanitation  of 

courts  for  two  buildings 

definition  of  

diminished  in  size,  contrary  law,  unlawful 

drainage  of 

extend  from  ground  unobstructed  to  sky,  when 

in  front,  excavated  to  light  rooms 

in  front  (see  Front  yard) 

in  front,  size  of 

in  rear,   access  to . 

in  rear,  corner  lot,  depth  of 

in  rear,  corner  lot,  how  measured,  relation  building  height 

in  rear,  corner  lot,  how  measured,  relation  depth  of  lot 

in  rear,  corner  lot,  measured  from  where 

in  rear,  extend  across  width  of  lot 

in  rear,  interior  lot,  depth  of 

in  rear,  interior  lot,  how  measured,  relation  building  height 

in  rear,  required,  when 

in  rear,  size  of  for  hotels 

on  side  of  building  (see  Side  yards) 

rear,  corner  lot,  measured  from  where 

rear,  how  measured  from  building 

rear,  interior  lot,  extend  ground  to  sky 

rear  of  tenement  house  required 


144 

144 
277 
275 
284 


213,214 

72,  78,  233 

77 

77,78 

85 

222 

214 

186,  213 

213 

186 


38 

37 

36 

35 

323 

92 

79 

9 

318 

79 

101 

101 

101 

100 

97 

97 

97 

97 

95,97 

95,96 

95,96 

95,97 


I     293 
148 

147 

277 

275 

284 

77 

213,214 

72,  78,  233 

77,78 
85 
222 
214 
186,  213 
213 
213 


38 

37 

36 

35 

323 

92 

80 

9 

316 

80 

101 

101 

101 

100 


102 
97 
94 
95 
91,  95,  97 


99 
99 
102 
99 
94 


152 
152 


216 


217 
217 


STATE  HOUSING  LAWS  ENDORSED. 

The  following  cities  and  organizations  actively  participated  in  or  endorsed  the 
work  of  the  State  Housing  Institute  in  drafting  and  submitting  the  state  housing 
laws. 


CITIES. 


San   Francisco 
San  Diego 
Sacramento. 
Pasadena 


Los   Angeles 
Oakland 
Riverside 
Long  Beach 


Stockton 
Berkeley 
San  Jose 
San  Bernardino 


ORGANIZATIONS. 

San   Francisco   Chapter,   and   Southern   California   Chapter,   American    Institute   of 

Architects. 
Southern  California  Branch,  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 
League  of  California  Municipalities. 
San  Francisco  Housing  Association. 
Los  Angeles  City  Housing  Commission. 
Builders  Exchange  of  Los  Angeles. 
State  Hotel  Owners  Association. 
Master  Builders  Association  of  Los  Angeles. 
San  Francisco  Architects  Association. 
Merchant  Plumbers  Association  of  Los  Angeles. 
State  Conference  on  City  Planning. 
Plumbers  and  Steam  Fitters  Local  78. 
San  Francisco  Realty  Board. 
City  Planning  Association  of  Los  Angeles. 

Civic  League  Improvement  Clubs  and  Associations  of  San  Francisco. 
Board  of  Relief,  Charities  Committee  of  San  Francisco. 

Many  other  organizations  and  individuals  offered  suggestions  and  recommendations. 


46714      6-19     3M. 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


000  083  672 


CRITICISMS  AND  SUGGESTIONS  INVITED. 

All  persons  interested  in  the  subject  of  housing  are  cordially  invited  to  offer 
constructive  criticism ;  also  suggestions  and  recommendations  that  might  be  embodied 
in  the  next  edition  of  the  State  Housing  Manual. 

(Please  forward  suggestions,  recommendations,  drawings,  et  cetera,  to  the  Housing 
Bureau,  State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Housing  of  California,  Underwood 
Building,  525  Market  street,  San  Francisco. 


CITY  OFFICIALS'  ATTENTION. 

The  Housing  Bureau  of  the  commission  will  be  glaa  to  answer  inquiries  from  city 
officials  regarding  problems  of  interpretation  of  the  state  housing  laws.  The  bureau 
will  also  be  glad  to  give  advice  or  opinions  on  any  general  housing  problems. 


ARCHITECTS,  ENGINEERS  AND  CONTRACTORS. 

Architects,   engineers,  building  contractors   and   other   persons   interested    in    the 
subject  of  housing  are  invited  to  correspond  with  us  regarding  the  state  housing  laTvs. 


Published  by 

8TATE  COMMISSION  OF  IMMIGRATION  AND  HOUSING  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Gopies  will  be  sent  free  of  charge,  upon  request,  to  215  Underwood  Buildinf,  Sui 
Francisco,  California. 


Uni^ 


